Abstract: A hybrid electric vehicle includes an internal combustion engine, a traction battery, and a hybrid electric powertrain including an electric motor powered by the traction battery and an electric generator coupled to the internal combustion engine and the traction battery. A control method includes determining minimum and maximum engine power limits based on desired wheel torque and traction battery charge and discharge power limits. A generator torque command is calculated to track engine speed to the desired engine speed. The generator torque command is limited based on the minimum and maximum engine power limits to limit engine power transmitted to the powertrain.

Abstract: A method for starting a vehicle engine includes determining a throttle angle command output based on a throttle adjustment parameter. The throttle angle command output may be further adjusted based on a learned compensation adder and may be based on a number of vehicle engine starts. A throttle angle corresponding to the throttle angle command output is provided.

Abstract: A plurality of discrete packages (100) are manufactured from an indefinite length of gusseted packaging material (1). Each package (100) has an insert (9) inserted through an incision (8) in the packaging (1) which in use maintains a desired footprint of the package. Gaps (17) in welds (15) joining the bottom of the insert (9) to the packaging material (1) allow air to vent from between the insert (9) and the packaging material (1). Flaps (23) toward the rear of each package (100) join a leading package (100) to a following package (100a) by means of longitudinal welds (21) which allow gaps (22) for air to vent during the roll-up process.

Abstract: A plurality of discrete packages (100) are manufactured from an indefinite length of gusseted packaging material (1). Each package (100) has an insert (9) inserted through an incision (7) in the packaging (1) which in use maintains a desired footprint of the package. Gaps (17) in welds (15) joining the bottom of the insert (9) to the packaging material (1) allow air to vent from between the insert (9) and the packaging material (1). Flaps (23) toward the rear of each package (100) join a leading package (100) to a following package (110a) by means of longitudinal welds (21) which allow gaps (22) for air to vent during the roll-up process.