Abstract: The capacity of a crude oil to solvate and/or disperse asphaltenes is increased by providing a crude oil which includes an additive comprising (i) a poly(butylenyl)bezene sulphonic acid; or, (ii) a poly(propylenyl)benzene sulphonic acid; or, (iii) a combination of a poly(butylenyl)bezene sulphonic acid and a poly(propylenyl)benzene sulphonic acid.

Abstract: Fouling in a refinery vessel, such as heat transfer equipment, used in a petroleum refinery operation and in which a refineable petroleum feedstock is at an elevated temperature and in fluid communication with the refinery vessel during a petroleum refinery operation, is reduced by providing in the refineable petroleum feedstock an additive comprising (i) a poly(butylenyl)benzene sulphonic acid; or, (ii) a poly(propylenyl)benzene sulphonic acid; or, (iii) a combination of a poly(butylenyl)benzene sulphonic acid and a poly(propylenyl)benzene sulphonic acid.

Abstract: Fouling and/or asphaltene agglomeration (or flocculation) in midstream processes and transportation and in upstream transportation of a hydrocarbon oil is reduced by providing in the oil an additive combination including; (A) a polyalkenyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, and (B) a metal detergent system comprising a hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate metal salt or a hydrocarbyl-substituted sulfonate metal salt or a mixure of both salts or a complex thereof, where the mass:mass ratio of (A) to (B) is in the range of 20:1 to 1:20 and the treat rate of the additive is in the range of 5 to 10000 ppm by mass.

Abstract: The capacity of a crude oil to solvate and/or disperse asphaltenes is increased by providing a crude oil which includes an additive comprising (i) a poly(butylenyl)bezene sulphonic acid; or, (ii) a poly(propylenyl)benzene sulphonic acid; or, (iii) a combination of a poly(butylenyl)bezene sulphonic acid and a poly(propylenyl)benzene sulphonic acid.

Abstract: Fouling in a hydrocarbon refining process is reduced by adding to a crude hydrocarbon for a refining process, an additive combination including: (A) a polyalkenyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, and (B) an overbased metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate detergent, where the mass:mass ratio of (A) to (B) is in the range of 10:1 to 1:10, and the treat rate of the additive combination is in the range of 5 to 1000 ppm by mass.

Abstract: Fouling and/or asphaltene agglomeration (or flocculation) in midstream processes and transportation and in upstream transportation of a hydrocarbon oil is reduced by providing in the oil an additive combination including; (A) a polyalkenyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, and (B) a metal detergent system comprising a hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate metal salt or a hydrocarbyl-substituted sulfonate metal salt or a mixure of both salts or a complex thereof, where the mass:mass ratio of (A) to (B) is in the range of 20:1 to 1:20 and the treat rate of the additive is in the range of 5 to 10000 ppm by mass.

Abstract: Fouling in a hydrocarbon refining process is reduced by adding to a crude hydrocarbon for a refining process, an additive combination including: (A) a polyalkenyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, and (B) an overbased metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate detergent, where the mass:mass ratio of (A) to (B) is in the range of 10:1 to 1:10, and the treat rate of the additive combination is in the range of 5 to 1000 ppm by mass.

Abstract: The use of an additive composition to improve the conductivity of a fuel oil. The additive composition comprises a polymeric condensation product formed by the reaction of an aliphatic aldehyde or ketone, or a reactive equivalent, with at least one ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting deposit formation in a jet fuel at temperatures above 150° C., whilst not substantially adversely affecting the water separability of the jet fuel. The method includes the step of adding at least one copolymer, terpolymer or polymer of an ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or a derivative thereof to the jet fuel; wherein the copolymer, terpolymer or polymer of an ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or derivative thereof is copolymerized with a nitrogen-containing, amine-containing or amide-containing monomer; or the copolymer, terpolymer or polymer of an ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or derivative thereof includes nitrogen-containing, amine-containing or amide-containing branches.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting deposit formation in a jet fuel at temperatures above 150° C., whilst not substantially adversely affecting the water separability of the jet fuel. The method includes the step of adding at least one copolymer, terpolymer or polymer of an ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or a derivative thereof to the jet fuel; wherein the copolymer, terpolymer or polymer of an ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or derivative thereof is copolymerized with a nitrogen-containing, amine-containing or amide-containing monomer; or the copolymer, terpolymer or polymer of an ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or derivative thereof includes nitrogen-containing, amine-containing or amide-containing branches.

Abstract: A fuel oil composition is disclosed. The fuel oil composition includes (a) a fuel oil which contains alkyl esters of fatty acids obtained from vegetable or animal materials processed by contacting the esters with one or more ion-exchange materials, comprising materials represented by the formula: where Q represents a solid support, L represents an optional linking group and n is an integer of 1 or more, to improve their oxidation stability.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acylating agent and a polyalkylene amine to prevent or retard the oxidation of a liquid composition which comprises at least 2% by weight of an oil derived from a plant or animal material. Optionally, the reaction product is used in combination with BHQ.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid composition comprising a major amount of an oil and a minor amount of an additive composition, wherein the additive composition comprises BHQ and N,N?-disalicylidene propylene diamine, and wherein at least 2% by weight of the oil is derived from a plant or animal material. The invention also relates to a method of preventing or retarding the oxidation of the liquid composition and the use of the additive to prevent or retard the oxidation of the liquid composition.