Abstract: A method of deploying a plurality of spacecraft includes coupling the plurality of spacecraft in a stack to a payload adaptor, the stack extending along a longitudinal axis; launching the payload adaptor into an orbit; and decoupling an entirety of the stack from the payload adaptor after the payload adaptor reaches the orbit.

Abstract: A method of releasing spacecraft from a rocket includes arranging spacecraft in a stack on a rocket, launching the rocket until it attains orbital velocity, imposing a flat spin on the rocket, and releasing the entire stack from the rocket during the flat spin. In one aspect, the method includes applying a compressive load along a length of the stack, launching the rocket until it attains orbital velocity, imposing a flat spin on the rocket, and releasing the compressive load to allow the entire stack to separate from the rocket during the flat spin.

Abstract: A system for securing spacecraft to a rocket and deploying the spacecraft into orbit includes a stack having a plurality of spacecraft arranged in layers, with each spacecraft being releasably mated with at least one spacecraft in an adjacent layer, and at least one hold down and deploy assembly configured to, in a first configuration, secure the layers of the stack together and secure the entire stack to the rocket, and, in a second configuration, release the entire stack from the rocket into orbit such that the layers passively separate.

Abstract: A differential unit has axially aligned helically toothed output gears of different diameters to provide an unequal division of the input torque, in meshing relationship with two sets of intermediate gears which mesh together and are rotatable on axes parallel to the output gear axis. The gears of one set of intermediate gears mesh with concentric internally and externally toothed output gears to provide alternative outputs at different torque division rates. Slip within the unit can be opposed by frictional coating on the gears and/or on the housing by which they are carried and/or by a damping fluid which may be an electro-rheological fluid.