Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, relating to testing three-dimensional imaging systems. In some implementations, a system includes a mount for a three-dimensional camera, a mount for a calibration target, and a rail to which the mount for the calibration target is coupled. The movement of the mount for the calibration target is constrained to the direction extending along the rail. The system includes a processing device having logic that receives a reading from a particular three-dimensional camera coupled to the mount for the three-dimensional camera. The reading includes a distance from the three-dimensional camera to a particular calibration target coupled to the mount for the calibration target. The logic receives a measurement of an actual distance from the particular three-dimensional camera to the particular calibration target. The logic then provides measurement characteristics of the particular three-dimensional camera.