Abstract: Provided is an enzyme immobilized on an enzyme. Also provided is a viscosified fracture fluid 1 formed by combining a solid proppant, a binding agent and an enzyme to form a proppant-immobilized enzyme 2, mixing the proppant-immobilized enzyme 2 with a second proppant 3 to form a heterogeneous proppant pack 4 and mixing said heterogeneous proppant pack 4 with a gelled liquid fracturing fluid 5 to form a viscosified fracture fluid 1 containing the heterogeneous proppant pack 4. The viscosified fracture fluid 1 containing the heterogeneous proppant pack 4 is pumped 6 into a subterranean zone 7 to form one or more fractures 8 therein. The proppant-immobilized enzyme 2 that is part of the heterogeneous proppant pack 4 has the dual purpose of propping open the subterranean fractures 8 and reducing the viscosity of the viscosified fracture fluid 1.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for reducing the phenol concentration in a commercial enzyme solution and/or feedstock.

Abstract: Provided is an enzyme immobilized on an enzyme. Also provided is a viscosified fracture fluid 1 formed by combining a solid proppant, a binding agent and an enzyme to form a proppant-immobilized enzyme 2, mixing the proppant-immobilized enzyme 2 with a second proppant 3 to form a heterogeneous proppant pack 4 and mixing said heterogeneous proppant pack 4 with a gelled liquid fracturing fluid 5 to form a viscosified fracture fluid 1 containing the heterogeneous proppant pack 4. The viscosified fracture fluid 1 containing the heterogeneous proppant pack 4 is pumped 6 into a subterranean zone 7 to form one or more fractures 8 therein. The proppant-immobilized enzyme 2 that is part of the heterogeneous proppant pack 4 has the dual purpose of propping open the subterranean fractures 8 and reducing the viscosity of the viscosified fracture fluid 1.

Abstract: A method of improving flow of liquids and gases from a subterranean fracture using a viscosified fracture fluid 1 formed by combining a solid proppant, a binding agent and an enzyme to form a proppant-immobilized enzyme 2, mixing the proppant-immobilized enzyme 2 with a second proppant 3 to form a heterogeneous proppant pack 4 and mixing said heterogeneous proppant pack 4 with a gelled liquid fracturing fluid 5 to form the viscosified fracture fluid 1 containing the heterogeneous proppant pack 4. The viscosified fracture fluid 1 containing the heterogeneous proppant pack 4 is pumped 6 into a subterranean zone 7 to form one or more fractures therein. The proppant-immobilized enzyme 2 that is part of the heterogeneous proppant pack 4 has the dual purpose of propping open the subterranean fractures and reducing the viscosity of the viscosified fracture fluid.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for reducing the phenol concentration in a commercial enzyme solution and/or feedstock.

Abstract: Provided is an enzyme immobilized on a proppant. Also provided is a viscofied fracture fluid 1 formed by combining a solid proppant, a binding agent and an enzyme to form a proppant-immobilized enzyme 2, mixing the proppant-immobilized enzyme 2 with a second proppant 3 to form a heterogeneous proppant pack 4 and mixing said heterogeneous proppant pack 4 with a gelled liquid fracturing fluid 5 to form the viscofied fracture fluid 1 containing the heterogeneous proppant pack 4. The viscofied fracture fluid 1 containing the heterogeneous proppant pack 4 is pumped 6 into a subterranean zone 7 to form one or more fractures therein. The proppant-immobilized enzyme 2 that is part of the heterogeneous proppant pack 4 has the dual purpose of propping open the subterranean fractures and reducing the viscosity of the viscofied fracture fluid.

Abstract: A business methodology for optimizing enzyme use rates and enzyme supply and reducing greenhouse gas emissions for an industrial process that employs enzymes as part of the production process by changing the concentration, specific gravity and/or activity of an enzyme prior to, and just-in-time for, the addition of said enzyme to a reactor wherein an enzyme-catalyzed reaction occurs. After collecting data that describes the extent to which enzyme consumption has decreased as a result of the change in concentration, specific gravity and/or activity of said enzymes, the enzyme user can pay to the provider of technology that allows enzyme consumption to decrease, a proportion of the savings.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing alcohol or sugar in a commercial-scale bioreactor using a reformulated commercial enzyme preparation. Also provided is a bioreactor modified to practice the method.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing alcohol or sugar in a commercial-scale bioreactor using a reformulated commercial enzyme preparation. Also provided is a bioreactor modified to practice the method.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing an enzyme-containing bio-gel from an enzyme solution, particularly a commercial ?-amylase solution. When allowed to stand in a vessel, enzyme from the enzyme solution collects on the inside surface of the vessel, thus forming a bio-gel. The bio-gel is recovered by removing the enzyme solution, then collecting, and optionally drying, the material deposited on the inner surface of the vessel. A bio-gel produced by this process is also provided.