Abstract: The present invention relates in part to an embedded sensor for measuring the electrical resistivity or conductivity of pore solution in concrete materials and structures, wherein the sensor comprises a synthetic nanoporous ceramic, or nanoporous polymer, or cementitious material with controlled pore size. The present invention also relates to a method of measuring the electrical resistivity of pore solution in a concrete sample or a concrete structure.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a chassis and a vehicle body coupled to the chassis. The vehicle body includes a cab disposed on a forward end of the chassis and a cargo body disposed on a rear end of the chassis. The cab includes a front door that is slidably engaged to the cab. The cargo body includes a side door that is slidably engaged to the cargo body. The front door and the side door are disposed on the same side of the vehicle.

Abstract: A suspension element includes a housing, a first joint, and a second joint. The housing is configured to couple a tractive element assembly to a vehicle. The housing has a first end configured to engage a portion of the vehicle and a second end configured to interface with the tractive element assembly. The first joint includes a first actuator and a first resilient member. The first actuator is configured to facilitate linear extension and retraction of the suspension element. The second joint includes a second actuator and a second resilient member. The second actuator is configured to facilitate rotational movement of the suspension element. The first resilient member and the second resilient member are configured to support a static load of the vehicle.

Abstract: A refuse vehicle includes a chassis, a body assembly, a tailgate assembly, and a lift system. The body assembly is coupled to the chassis and defines a primary refuse compartment. The tailgate assembly is rotatably coupled to the body assembly at a rear end of the refuse vehicle. The lift system is coupled to the tailgate assembly and includes a side-loading arm and an actuation mechanism. The side-loading arm is configured to engage a refuse container and move between a plurality of positions laterally away from the tailgate assembly. The actuation mechanism is configured to control movement of the side-loading arm.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a chassis, a body, and a door assembly. The body is supported by the chassis, and defines a driver compartment and a cargo compartment. The driver compartment has a cab opening and the cargo compartment has a cargo opening. The door assembly is coupled to the body and provides selective access into the driver compartment and into the cargo compartment through the cab opening and cargo opening, respectively. The door assembly includes a first door and a second door. The first door is movable between a first position extending across the cab opening and a second position extending at least partially across a portion of the cab opening. The second door is movable between a third position extending across the cargo opening and a fourth position extending at least partially across a portion of the cab opening.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a chassis, a body, and a door assembly. The body is supported by the chassis, and defines a driver compartment and a cargo compartment. The driver compartment has a cab opening and the cargo compartment has a cargo opening. The door assembly is coupled to the body and provides selective access into the driver compartment and into the cargo compartment through the cab opening and cargo opening, respectively. The door assembly includes a first door and a second door. The first door is movable between a first position extending across the cab opening and a second position extending at least partially across a portion of the cab opening. The second door is movable between a third position extending across the cargo opening and a fourth position extending at least partially across a portion of the cab opening.

Abstract: A door includes an inner wall, an outer wall, and a window assembly including a window. The inner wall is configured to engage with a cab of a vehicle. The outer wall is coupled to the inner wall and spaced apart from the inner wall to form an interior cavity. The door is configured to move between a closed position in which the inner wall is engaged with the cab and an open position in which the inner wall is separated from the cab. In the closed position, at least a portion of the interior cavity is configured to be disposed outboard from the cab in a lateral direction. The window is slidably engaged to the door and configured to move between an extended position and a retracted position. In the retracted position, the window is at least partially disposed in the portion of the interior cavity.

Abstract: A door includes an inner wall, an outer wall, and a window assembly including a window. The inner wall is configured to engage with a cab of a vehicle. The outer wall is coupled to the inner wall and spaced apart from the inner wall to form an interior cavity. The door is configured to move between a closed position in which the inner wall is engaged with the cab and an open position in which the inner wall is separated from the cab. In the closed position, at least a portion of the interior cavity is configured to be disposed outboard from the cab in a lateral direction. The window is slidably engaged to the door and configured to move between an extended position and a retracted position. In the retracted position, the window is at least partially disposed in the portion of the interior cavity.

Abstract: A suspension element includes a housing, a first joint, and a second joint. The housing is configured to couple a tractive element assembly to a vehicle. The housing has a first end configured to engage a portion of the vehicle and a second end configured to interface with the tractive element assembly. The first joint includes a first actuator and a first resilient member. The first actuator is configured to facilitate linear extension and retraction of the suspension element. The second joint includes a second actuator and a second resilient member. The second actuator is configured to facilitate rotational movement of the suspension element. The first resilient member and the second resilient member are configured to support a static load of the vehicle.

Abstract: The present invention relates in part to an embedded sensor for measuring the electrical resistivity or conductivity of pore solution in concrete materials and structures, wherein the sensor comprises a synthetic nanoporous ceramic, or nanoporous polymer, or cementitious material with controlled pore size. The present invention also relates to a method of measuring the electrical resistivity of pore solution in a concrete sample or a concrete structure.

Abstract: A suspension element includes a housing, a first joint, and a second joint. The housing is configured to couple a tractive element assembly to a vehicle. The housing has a first end configured to engage a portion of the vehicle and a second end configured to interface with the tractive element assembly. The first joint includes a first actuator and a first resilient member. The first actuator is configured to facilitate linear extension and retraction of the suspension element. The second joint includes a second actuator and a second resilient member. The second actuator is configured to facilitate rotational movement of the suspension element. The first resilient member and the second resilient member are configured to support a static load of the vehicle.

Abstract: A door includes an inner wall, an outer wall, and a window assembly including a window. The inner wall is configured to engage with a cab of a vehicle. The outer wall is coupled to the inner wall and spaced apart from the inner wall to form an interior cavity. The door is configured to move between a closed position in which the inner wall is engaged with the cab and an open position in which the inner wall is separated from the cab. In the closed position, at least a portion of the interior cavity is configured to be disposed outboard from the cab in a lateral direction. The window is slidably engaged to the door and configured to move between an extended position and a retracted position. In the retracted position, the window is at least partially disposed in the portion of the interior cavity.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a chassis, a body, and a door assembly. The body is supported by the chassis, and defines a driver compartment and a cargo compartment. The driver compartment has a cab opening and the cargo compartment has a cargo opening. The door assembly is coupled to the body and provides selective access into the driver compartment and into the cargo compartment through the cab opening and cargo opening, respectively. The door assembly includes a first door and a second door. The first door is movable between a first position extending across the cab opening and a second position extending at least partially across a portion of the cab opening. The second door is movable between a third position extending across the cargo opening and a fourth position extending at least partially across a portion of the cab opening.

Abstract: A door includes an inner wall, an outer wall, and a window assembly including a window. The inner wall is configured to engage with a cab of a vehicle. The outer wall is coupled to the inner wall and spaced apart from the inner wall to form an interior cavity. The door is configured to move between a closed position in which the inner wall is engaged with the cab and an open position in which the inner wall is separated from the cab. In the closed position, at least a portion of the interior cavity is configured to be disposed outboard from the cab in a lateral direction. The window is slidably engaged to the door and configured to move between an extended position and a retracted position. In the retracted position, the window is at least partially disposed in the portion of the interior cavity.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a chassis, a body, and a door assembly. The body is supported by the chassis, and defines a driver compartment and a cargo compartment. The driver compartment has a cab opening and the cargo compartment has a cargo opening. The door assembly is coupled to the body and provides selective access into the driver compartment and into the cargo compartment through the cab opening and cargo opening, respectively. The door assembly includes a first door and a second door. The first door is movable between a first position extending across the cab opening and a second position extending across a portion of the cab opening. The second door is movable between a third position extending across the cargo opening and a fourth position extending across a portion of the cab opening.

Abstract: A suspension element includes a housing, a first joint, and a second joint. The housing is configured to couple a tractive element assembly to a vehicle. The housing has a first end configured to engage a portion of the vehicle and a second end configured to interface with the tractive element assembly. The first joint includes a first actuator and a first resilient member. The first actuator is configured to facilitate linear extension and retraction of the suspension element. The second joint includes a second actuator and a second resilient member. The second actuator is configured to facilitate rotational movement of the suspension element. The first resilient member and the second resilient member are configured to support a static load of the vehicle.

Abstract: A suspension element includes a housing, a first joint, and a second joint. The housing is configured to couple a tractive element assembly to a vehicle. The housing has a first end configured to engage a portion of the vehicle and a second end configured to interface with the tractive element assembly. The first joint includes a first actuator and a first resilient member. The first actuator is configured to facilitate linear extension and retraction of the suspension element. The second joint includes a second actuator and a second resilient member. The second actuator is configured to facilitate rotational movement of the suspension element. The first resilient member and the second resilient member are configured to support a static load of the vehicle.

Abstract: A door includes an inner wall, an outer wall, and a window assembly including a window. The inner wall is configured to engage with a cab of a vehicle. The outer wall is coupled to the inner wall and spaced apart from the inner wall to form an interior cavity. The door is configured to move between a closed position in which the inner wall is engaged with the cab and an open position in which the inner wall is separated from the cab. In the closed position, at least a portion of the interior cavity is configured to be disposed outboard from the cab in a lateral direction. The window is slidably engaged to the door and configured to move between an extended position and a retracted position. In the retracted position, the window is at least partially disposed in the portion of the interior cavity.