Abstract: Payload containers containing temperature modulators and coolant containers containing coolant movably coupled inside of an outer container are disclosed. In some aspects, exemplary temperature modulators may contain one or more solutions that directionally freeze when the product container is in contact with the coolant container, exerting force to push thermal conductors apart, which reduces air flow and thermal conduction from the coolant container to the payload container, thereby stopping the cooling of the payload container. According to further aspects, when the one or more solutions melt, the thermal conductors reconnect, reestablishing the cooling of the payload container. According to the implementations of the disclosed technology, such modulation may allow the payload to stay within safe temperature ranges.

Abstract: A system and method for refrigerated packaging and temperature modulation is disclosed. A unique hydrogel formulation comprising a superabsorbent polymer functioning through osmosis, water-soluble binding agent, wicking agent, and an osmosis interfering agent allows a package to be cooled by regular ice without the product or container becoming wet as the ice melts. Hydrogels may be shaped into a container with ice and products placed inside of it. Several additives may be added to the hydrogel formulation to give, remove, or enhance certain properties. A number of additional applications of the inventions are disclosed including agricultural, structural cooling, home and beauty, athletic, medical, work, and other applications.

Abstract: A system and method for refrigerated packaging and temperature modulation is disclosed. A unique hydrogel formulation comprising a superabsorbent polymer functioning through osmosis, water-soluble binding agent, wicking agent, and an osmosis interfering agent allows a package to be cooled by regular ice without the product or container becoming wet as the ice melts. Hydrogels may be shaped into a container with ice and products placed inside of it. Several additives may be added to the hydrogel formulation to give, remove, or enhance certain properties. A number of additional applications of the inventions are disclosed including agricultural, structural cooling, home and beauty, athletic, medical, work, and other applications.

Abstract: Payload containers containing temperature modulators and coolant containers containing coolant movably coupled inside of an outer container. Temperature modulators contain one or more solutions that directionally freeze when the product container is in contact with the coolant container, exerting force to push thermal conductors apart. When thermal conductors are apart, air flow and thermal conduction from the coolant container to the payload container is reduced, thereby stopping the cooling of the payload container. When the one or more solutions melt, the thermal conductors reconnect, reestablishing the cooling of the payload container. The modulation allows the payload to stay within safe temperature ranges.

Abstract: A satellite communication network includes one or more satellites and multiple ground stations, or ground stations. An originating ground station receives an Internet communication, determines when a satellite will be within range, and transmits a stream of data packets including part or all of the communication to the satellite when in communication range. The satellite either forwards the data packets to another satellite, or determines when a destination ground station will be in sight and transmits the data packets to the destination ground station when in range.

Abstract: A satellite communication network includes one or more satellites and multiple ground stations, or ground stations. An originating ground station receives an Internet communication, determines when a satellite will be within range, and transmits a stream of data packets including part or all of the communication to the satellite when in communication range. The satellite either forwards the data packets to another satellite, or determines when a destination ground station will be in sight and transmits the data packets to the destination ground station when in range.

Abstract: A satellite communication network includes one or more satellites and multiple ground stations, or ground stations. An originating ground station receives an Internet communication, determines when a satellite will be within range, and transmits a stream of data packets including part or all of the communication to the satellite when in communication range. The satellite either forwards the data packets to another satellite, or determines when a destination ground station will be in sight and transmits the data packets to the destination ground station when in range.