Abstract: An oxidation catalyst for treating an exhaust gas produced by a combustion engine, wherein the oxidation catalyst comprises a substrate and a catalyst layer, wherein the catalyst layer comprises: a first support material; a first noble metal; and a second noble metal; wherein the catalyst layer is disposed on a surface of the substrate, and the catalyst layer has a non-uniform distribution of the first noble metal in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate. The oxidation catalyst can be used to oxidise carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HCs) and also oxides of nitrogen (NOx) in such an exhaust gas.

Abstract: An exhaust system, and a catalyzed substrate for use in an exhaust system, is disclosed. The exhaust system comprises a lean NOx trap and the catalyzed substrate. The catalyzed substrate has a first zone, having a platinum group metal loaded on a support, and a second zone, having copper or iron loaded on a zeolite. The first zone or second zone additionally comprises a base metal oxide or a base metal loaded on an inorganic oxide. Also provided are methods for treating an exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine using the exhaust system. The exhaust system is capable of storing NH3 generated in rich purging, reacting the NH3 with slip NOx, controlling H2S released from NOx trap desulfation, and oxidizing slip hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. When the catalyzed substrate is a filter substrate, it is also capable of removing soot from exhaust system.

Abstract: A filter for filtering particulate matter (PM) from exhaust gas emitted from a compression ignition engine, which filter comprising a porous substrate having inlet surfaces and outlet surfaces, wherein the inlet surfaces are separated from the outlet surfaces by a porous structure containing pores of a first mean pore size, wherein the porous substrate is coated with a wash coat comprising a plurality of solid particles comprising a molecular sieve promoted with at least one metal wherein the porous structure of the wash coated porous substrate contains pores of a second mean pore size, and wherein the second mean pore size is less than the first mean pore size.

Abstract: An exhaust system 10 for a vehicular lean-burn internal combustion engine comprises: (a) a first substrate monolith 6 comprising a SCR catalyst; (b) at least one second substrate monolith 4 comprising a catalytic washcoat coating comprising at least one platinum group metal (PGM) disposed upstream of the first substrate monolith; and (c) a third substrate monolith 2 disposed between the first substrate monolith and the or each second substrate monolith, wherein at least one PGM on the or each second substrate monolith 4 is liable to volatilise when the or each second substrate monolith 4 is exposed to relatively extreme conditions including relatively high temperatures, and wherein the third substrate monolith 2 comprises a washcoat coating comprising at least one metal oxide for trapping volatilised PGM.

Abstract: A catalysed substrate monolith 12 for use in treating exhaust gas emitted from a lean-burn internal combustion engine, which catalysed substrate monolith 12 comprising a first washcoat coating 16 and a second washcoat coating 18, wherein the first washcoat coating comprises a catalyst composition comprising at least one platinum group metal (PGM) and at least one support material for the at least one PGM, wherein at least one PGM in the first washcoat coating is liable to volatilise when the first washcoat coating is exposed to relatively extreme conditions including relatively high temperatures, wherein the second washcoat coating comprises at least one metal oxide for trapping volatilised PGM and wherein the second washcoat coating is oriented to contact exhaust gas that has contacted the first washcoat coating.

Abstract: A catalysed soot filter for a diesel engine comprises a wall flow substrate having a substrate axial length, wherein surfaces of both the internal walls of a plurality of inlet and a plurality of outlet channels comprise a catalytic washcoat of at least one on-wall coating composition for oxidising NO in exhaust gas to NO2, wherein the washcoat on the inlet channels extends for an axial inlet coating length from an open inlet end to a downstream inlet coating end, the washcoat on the outlet channels extends for an axial outlet coating length from an upstream outlet end to an open outlet end, the axial inlet coating length and the axial outlet coating length are both less than the substrate axial length and the outlet coating length is greater than the inlet coating length.

Abstract: An exhaust system, and a catalyzed substrate, is disclosed. The system comprises a catalyzed substrate, a counterflow urea injector downstream of the catalyzed substrate, and a first selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst downstream of the counterflow injector. The catalyzed substrate has an inlet end, an outlet end, an axial length extending from the inlet to the outlet, an inlet zone extending from the inlet, and an outlet zone extending from the outlet. The inlet zone comprises an oxidation catalyst and the outlet zone comprises a catalyst selected from the group consisting of a urea hydrolysis catalyst and a second SCR catalyst. The counterflow urea injector directs urea toward the outlet zone of the catalyzed substrate so that at least a portion of the urea contacts the outlet zone prior to contacting the first SCR catalyst.

Abstract: An on-board diagnostics system for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The system comprises one or more ferromagnetic materials and a means for measuring magnetic field strength. Also disclosed is a method for on-board diagnostics of a catalyst component in the exhaust system. The method comprises measuring the magnetic field strength of a ferromagnetic material located in close proximity to the catalyst component and determining whether the ferromagnetic material has been exposed to a temperature above the Curie temperature of the ferromagnetic material, as measured by a decrease in the measured magnetic field strength.

Abstract: A catalysed soot filter comprising an oxidation catalyst for treating carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HCs) in exhaust gas from a compression ignition engine disposed on a filtering substrate, wherein the oxidation catalyst comprises: a platinum group metal (PGM) component selected from the group consisting of a platinum (Pt) component, a palladium (Pd) component and a combination thereof; an alkaline earth metal component; a support material comprising a modified alumina incorporating a heteroatom component.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a compression ignition engine comprising an oxidation catalyst for treating carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HCs) in exhaust gas from the compression ignition engine, wherein the oxidation catalyst comprises: a platinum group metal (PGM) component selected from the group consisting of a platinum (Pt) component, a palladium (Pd) component and a combination thereof; an alkaline earth metal component; a support material comprising a modified alumina incorporating a heteroatom component; and a substrate, wherein the platinum group metal (PGM) component, the alkaline earth metal component and the support material are disposed on the substrate.

Abstract: The invention provides an exhaust gas cleaning oxidation catalyst and in particular to an oxidation catalyst for cleaning the exhaust gas discharged from internal combustion engines of compression ignition type (particularly diesel engines). The invention further relates to a catalysed substrate monolith comprising an oxidising catalyst on a substrate monolith for use in treating exhaust gas emitted from a lean-burn internal combustion engine. In particular, the invention relates to a catalysed substrate monolith comprising a first washcoat coating and a second washcoat coating, wherein the second washcoat coating is disposed in a layer above the first washcoat coating.

Abstract: An exhaust system 10 for a vehicular lean-burn internal combustion engine comprises: (a) a first substrate monolith 6 comprising a SCR catalyst; (b) at least one second substrate monolith 4 comprising a catalytic washcoat coating comprising at least one platinum group metal (PGM) disposed upstream of the first substrate monolith; and (c) a third substrate monolith 2 disposed between the first substrate monolith and the or each second substrate monolith, wherein at least one PGM on the or each second substrate monolith 4 is liable to volatilise when the or each second substrate monolith 4 is exposed to relatively extreme conditions including relatively high temperatures, and wherein the third substrate monolith 2 comprises a washcoat coating comprising at least one metal oxide for trapping volatilised PGM.

Abstract: A catalysed substrate monolith 12 for use in treating exhaust gas emitted from a lean-burn internal combustion engine, which catalysed substrate monolith 12 comprising a first washcoat coating 16 and a second washcoat coating 18, wherein the first washcoat coating comprises a catalyst composition comprising at least one platinum group metal (PGM) and at least one support material for the at least one PGM, wherein at least one PGM in the first washcoat coating is liable to volatilize when the first washcoat coating is exposed to relatively extreme conditions including relatively high temperatures, wherein the second washcoat coating comprises at least one metal oxide for trapping volatilized PGM and wherein the second washcoat coating is oriented to contact exhaust gas that has contacted the first washcoat coating.

Abstract: The invention provides an exhaust gas cleaning oxidation catalyst and in particular to an oxidation catalyst for cleaning the exhaust gas discharged from internal combustion engines of compression ignition type (particularly diesel engines). The invention further relates to a catalysed substrate monolith comprising an oxidizing catalyst on a substrate monolith for use in treating exhaust gas emitted from a lean-burn internal combustion engine. In particular, the invention relates to a catalysed substrate monolith comprising a first washcoat coating and a second washcoat coating, wherein the second washcoat coating is disposed in a layer above the first washcoat coating.

Abstract: An exhaust system for internal combustion engines, and a catalyzed substrate for use in an exhaust system, is disclosed. The exhaust system comprises a lean NOx trap and the catalyzed substrate. The catalyzed substrate has a first zone and a second zone, wherein the first zone comprises a platinum group metal loaded on a support and the second zone comprises copper or iron loaded on a zeolite. The first zone or second zone additionally comprises a base metal oxide or a base metal loaded on an inorganic oxide. Also provided are methods for treating an exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine using the exhaust system. The exhaust system is capable of storing NH3 generated in rich purging, reacting the NH3 with slip NOx from the NOx trap, controlling H2S released from NOx trap desulfation, and oxidizing slip hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. When the catalyzed substrate is a filter substrate, it is also capable of removing soot from exhaust system.

Abstract: A method of making a supported catalytic species comprising an alloy of at least two metals, comprises the steps of: (i) combining a particulate support material, a solution of a first metal compound, a solution of a second metal compound, and a solution of an alkaline precipitating agent to form a slurry mixture; (ii) agitating the resultant mixture; and (iii) contacting the solids with a reducing agent, wherein the first metal in the first metal compound and the second metal in the second metal compound is each independently selected from the group consisting of gold, palladium, platinum, rhodium, iridium, silver, osmium and ruthenium; and wherein the first metal is not the same as the second metal.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a lean-burn internal combustion engine, engine management means and an exhaust system for treating exhaust gas of the engine. The exhaust system comprises a first oxidation catalyst disposed on a first honeycomb monolith substrate. The first oxidation catalyst comprises platinum supported on a first metal oxide support comprising at least one reducible oxide, and is substantially free of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. The engine management means is arranged, when in use, intermittently to modulate the lambda composition of the exhaust gas entering the first oxidation catalyst to a rich lambda composition.

Abstract: A filter for filtering particulate matter (PM) from exhaust gas emitted from a compression ignition engine, which filter comprising a porous substrate having inlet surfaces and outlet surfaces, wherein the inlet surfaces are separated from the outlet surfaces by a porous structure containing pores of a first mean pore size, wherein the porous substrate is coated with a wash coat comprising a plurality of solid particles comprising a molecular sieve promoted with at least one metal wherein the porous structure of the wash coated porous substrate contains pores of a second mean pore size, and wherein the second mean pore size is less than the first mean pore size.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention, disclose a biological sample holder comprising a stake of biologically inert material, and a biological sample storage medium fixed to or retained on the stake by a retaining portion. This provides a means of holding a biological sample which is easy to handle and suitable for automation, for example in an array of such holders, allowing processing of multiple biological samples in parallel.

Abstract: An exhaust system, and a catalyzed substrate for use in an exhaust system, is disclosed. The exhaust system comprises a lean NOx trap and the catalyzed substrate. The catalyzed substrate has a first zone, having a platinum group metal loaded on a support, and a second zone, having copper or iron loaded on a zeolite. The first zone or second zone additionally comprises a base metal oxide or a base metal loaded on an inorganic oxide. Also provided are methods for treating an exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine using the exhaust system. The exhaust system is capable of storing NH3 generated in rich purging, reacting the NH3 with slip NOx, controlling H2S released from NOx trap desulfation, and oxidizing slip hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. When the catalyzed substrate is a filter substrate, it is also capable of removing soot from exhaust system.