Abstract: Catalyst comprising an Ir layer having an outer layer with a layer comprising Pt directly thereon, wherein the Ir layer has an average thickness in a range from 0.04 to 30 nanometers, wherein the layer comprising Pt has an average thickness in a range from 0.04 to 50 nanometers, and wherein the Pt and Ir are present in an atomic ratio in a range from 0.01:1 to 10:1. Catalysts described herein are useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Abstract: Nanoporous oxygen reduction catalyst material comprising at least 90 collectively Pt, Ni, and Ta. The nanoporous oxygen reduction catalyst material is useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Abstract: Catalysts comprising a Ta layer having an outer layer with a layer comprising Pt directly thereon, wherein the Ta layer has an average thickness in a range from 0.04 to 30 nanometers, wherein the layer comprising Pt has an average thickness in a range from 0.04 to 50 nanometers, and wherein the Pt and Ta are present in an atomic ratio in a range from 0.01:1 to 10:1. Catalyst described herein are useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Abstract: Nanoporous oxygen reduction catalyst material comprising PtNiIr. The nanoporous oxygen reduction catalyst material is useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Abstract: A water electrolyzer comprises a membrane, a cathode and an anode. The membrane comprises a first membrane layer comprising a first ion-conductive polymer, a second membrane layer comprising a second ion-conductive polymer, and a platinized nanostructured layer disposed between the first layer and the second layer. The platinized nanostructured layer comprises close-packed whiskers having at least one of platinum or platinum oxide disposed thereon. The cathode is disposed on the membrane and comprises a first catalyst consisting essentially of both metallic Pt and Pt oxide. The anode is disposed on the opposite surface of the membrane and comprises a second catalyst comprising at least 95 percent by weight of collectively metallic Ir and Ir oxide, calculated as elemental Ir, based on the total weight of the second catalyst, wherein at least one of metallic Ir or Ir oxide is present. Membranes and methods of making them are also disclosed.

Abstract: Catalyst comprising a first layer having an outer layer with a layer comprising Pt directly thereon, wherein the first layer has an average thickness in a range from 0.04 to 30 nanometers, and wherein the layer. Catalysts described herein are useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Abstract: Catalysts comprising nanostructured elements comprising microstructured whiskers having an outer surface at least partially covered by a catalyst material comprising at least 90 atomic percent collectively Pt, Ni, and Cr, wherein the Pt is present in a range from 32.4 to 35.8 atomic percent, the Ni is present in a range from 57.7 to 63.7 atomic percent, and the Cr is present in a range from 0.5 to 10.0 atomic percent, and wherein the total atomic percent of Pt, Ni, and Cr equals 100. Catalyst described herein are useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Abstract: Nanoporous oxygen reduction catalyst material comprising PtNiIr. The nanoporous oxygen reduction catalyst material is useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Abstract: Catalyst material comprising nanoparticles dispersed within a metal oxide layer, the metal oxide layer comprises metal oxide comprising at least one metal cation, wherein the nanoparticles comprise Pt, wherein the nanoparticles comprise less than 10 atom % of oxygen, and wherein the metal oxide layer has an average thickness not greater than 50 nanometers. The catalyst material comprising nanoparticles dispersed within a metal oxide layer can be converted, for example, to nanoporous catalyst layer comprising nanoparticles fused together, wherein the nanoparticles comprise Pt, wherein the nanoparticles comprise less than 10 atom % of oxygen, and wherein the layer has an average thickness not greater than 50 nanometers. The nanoporous catalyst layer is useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Abstract: Nanoporous oxygen reduction catalyst material comprising PtNiIr, the catalyst material preferably having the formula PtxNiyIrz, wherein x is in a range from 26.6 to 47.8, y is in a range from 48.7 to 70, and z is in a range from 1 to 11.4. The nanoporous oxygen reduction catalyst material is useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Abstract: Catalyst comprising an Ir layer having an outer layer with a layer comprising Pt directly thereon, wherein the Ir layer has an average thickness in a range from 0.04 to 30 nanometers, wherein the layer comprising Pt has an average thickness in a range from 0.04 to 50 nanometers, and wherein the Pt and Ir are present in an atomic ratio in a range from 0.01:1 to 10:1. Catalysts described herein are useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Abstract: Described herein is a coating composition comprising: (a) a metal catalyst, wherein the metal catalyst comprises at least one of platinum, ruthenium, iridium, and alloys and combinations thereof; (b) an at least highly fluorinated ionomer comprising a polymer backbone and a plurality of first side chains pendant therefrom, wherein the first side chain comprises at least one protogenic group, wherein the protogenic group is selected from a sulfonic acid, a bis(sulfonyl)imide, a sulfonamide, a sulfonyl methide, and salts and combinations thereof, and wherein the polymer backbone comprises an average of at least 14 carbon atoms between adjacent first side chains along the polymer backbone; and (c) a solvent. Such coating compositions may be used to make electrodes for electrochemical cells and have been shown to have reduced poisoning of the catalyst.

Abstract: Nanoporous oxygen reduction catalyst material comprising PtNiAu. The nanoporous oxygen reduction catalyst material is useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Abstract: A hydrogen fueling system for generating hydrogen on demand is described. The system includes an electrolyzer configured to generate at least a predetermined quantity of hydrogen in a predetermined time when operated at no less than a predetermined current density and provided with at least a predetermined electrical energy over the predetermined time, where the predetermined quantity of hydrogen is at least 1 kg of hydrogen, the predetermined time is no more than 30 minutes, and the predetermined current density is at least 5 A/cm2. The system may further include an electrical energy storage system electrically connected to the electrolyzer and capable of supplying at least 20% of the predetermined electrical energy over the predetermined time. The electrolyzer may include an anode including a plurality of acicular particles dispersed in an ionomer binder, where the acicular particles include iridium.

Abstract: Nanoporous oxygen reduction catalyst material comprising at least 90 collectively Pt, Ni, and Ta. The nanoporous oxygen reduction catalyst material is useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Abstract: Catalysts comprising nanostructured elements comprising microstructured whiskers having an outer surface at least partially covered by a catalyst material having the formula PtxNiyAuz, wherein x is in a range from 27.3 to 29.9, y is in a range from 63.0 to 70.0, and z is in a range from 0.1 to 9.6. Catalyst described herein are useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Abstract: Catalysts comprising a Ta layer having an outer layer with a layer comprising Pt directly thereon, wherein the Ta layer has an average thickness in a range from 0.04 to 30 nanometers, wherein the layer comprising Pt has an average thickness in a range from 0.04 to 50 nanometers, and wherein the Pt and Ta are present in an atomic ratio in a range from 0.01:1 to 10:1. Catalyst described herein are useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Abstract: Catalyst comprising a first layer having an outer layer with a layer comprising Pt directly thereon, wherein the first layer has an average thickness in a range from 0.04 to 30 nanometers, and wherein the layer. Catalysts described herein are useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Abstract: Catalysts comprising nanostructured elements comprising microstructured whiskers having an outer surface at least partially covered by a catalyst material comprising at least 90 atomic percent collectively Pt, Ni, and Ta, wherein the Pt is present in a range from 32.0 to 35.7 atomic percent, the Ni is present in a range from 57.2 to 64.0 atomic percent, and the Ta is present in a range from 0.26 to 10.8 atomic percent, and wherein the total atomic percent of Pt, Ni, and Ta equals 100. Catalyst described herein are useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Abstract: Catalysts comprising nanostructured elements comprising microstructured whiskers having an outer surface at least partially covered by a catalyst material comprising at least 90 atomic percent collectively Pt, Ni, and Cr, wherein the Pt is present in a range from 32.4 to 35.8 atomic percent, the Ni is present in a range from 57.7 to 63.7 atomic percent, and the Cr is present in a range from 0.5 to 10.0 atomic percent, and wherein the total atomic percent of Pt, Ni, and Cr equals 100. Catalyst described herein are useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.