Abstract: A diagnostic assay to determine a percentage rumen undegraded protein in a food product by comparing the percentage of modified protein content to the total crude protein content of the food product. The total crude protein content extracted from a food product sample prior to conducting gel electrophoresis to separate modified protein content from the total crude protein content. The gel band intensities of the separated protein contents analyzed to enumerate a ratio that is used to derive a correlated percentage numen undegraded protein for a given food product sample. The diagnostic assay capable of being provided onsite for quick, cost-efficient and accurate results.

Abstract: A diagnostic assay to determine a percentage rumen undegraded protein in a food product by comparing the percentage of modified protein content to the total crude protein content of the food product. The total crude protein content extracted from a food product sample prior to conducting gel electrophoresis to separate modified protein content from the total crude protein content. The gel band intensities of the separated protein contents analyzed to enumerate a ratio that is used to derive a correlated percentage numen undegraded protein for a given food product sample. The diagnostic assay capable of being provided onsite for quick, cost-efficient and accurate results.

Abstract: A separator for a rechargeable electrochemical cell that has a conductive first layer and a non-conductive second layer. The non-conductive second layer and the conductive first layer are adhered to one another, wherein the separator has a higher threshold voltage than a threshold voltage of the conductive first layer alone. At a predetermined voltage, the separator becomes conductive and stops further ionic transfers.

Abstract: A separator for a rechargeable electrochemical cell that has a conductive first layer and a non-conductive second layer. The non-conductive second layer and the conductive first layer are adhered to one another, wherein the separator has a higher threshold voltage than a threshold voltage of the conductive first layer alone. At a predetermined voltage, the separator becomes conductive and stops further ionic transfers.

Abstract: An electrochemical device comprises one or more anode, cathode, and separator. In some embodiments, the separator is also an electrolyte. In addition it has two or more current collectors. The anode and cathode are between the two current collectors and each is adhered to an adjacent current collector. The separator is between the anode and cathode and adhered to the anode and cathode. The current collectors are a barrier, and are bonded together to create a sealed container for the anode, cathode, and separator. The electrochemical device may be integrated into a composite panel suitable for uses such as structural load bearing panels or sheets for aircraft wings or fuselage, composite armor, torpedo, missile body, consumer electronics, etc. The electrochemical device may include, but is not limited to, energy storage (batteries, supercapacitors), and energy generation (fuel cells).

Abstract: A separator for a rechargeable electrochemical cell has a conductive first layer and a non-conductive second layer. The non-conductive second layer and the conductive first layer are adhered to one another, wherein the non-conductive second layer has a melting point below a critical temperature for the rechargeable electrochemical cell and discharges the cell when subject to overheating.

Abstract: An electrochemical device comprises one or more anode, cathode, and separator. In some embodiments, the separator is also an electrolyte. In addition it has two or more current collectors. The anode and cathode are between the two current collectors and each is adhered to an adjacent current collector. The separator is between the anode and cathode and adhered to the anode and cathode. The current collectors are a barrier, and are bonded together to create a sealed container for the anode, cathode, and separator. The electrochemical device may be integrated into a composite panel suitable for uses such as structural load bearing panels or sheets for aircraft wings or fuselage, composite armor, torpedo, missile body, consumer electronics, etc. The electrochemical device may include, but is not limited to, energy storage (batteries, supercapacitors), and energy generation (fuel cells).

Abstract: A separator for a rechargeable electrochemical cell that has a conductive first layer and a non-conductive second layer. The non-conductive second layer and the conductive first layer are adhered to one another, wherein the separator has a higher threshold voltage than a threshold voltage of the conductive first layer alone. At a predetermined voltage, the separator becomes conductive and stops further ionic transfers.

Abstract: A separator for a rechargeable electrochemical cell has a conductive first layer and a non-conductive second layer. The non-conductive second layer and the conductive first layer are adhered to one another, wherein the non-conductive second layer has a melting point below a critical temperature for the rechargeable electrochemical cell and discharges the cell when subject to overheating.