Abstract: A method includes detecting an incomplete entigen group within a knowledge database. The incomplete entigen group includes entigens and one or more entigen relationships between at least some of the entigens. The incomplete entigen group represents knowledge of a topic. The method further includes obtaining additive content for the topic based on the incomplete entigen group and generating an additive entigen group based on the additive content. The method further includes updating the incomplete entigen group utilizing the additive entigen group to produce an updated entigen group. The method further includes indicating that the updated entigen group has an un-curated status when the additive entigen group conflicts with the incomplete entigen group.

Abstract: A network, or part thereof for example a link, 1 is described. The network 1 is for data communication through a medium, preferably wherein the medium comprises and/or is, at least in part, a liquid medium LM. The network 1 comprises a set of transmitters 11, including a first transmitter 11A comprising a controller 110A, wherein the first transmitter 11A is configured to transmit a set of polarised optical signals S, including a first polarised optical signal S1 comprising first data D1 of set of data D. The network 1 comprises a set of receivers 12, including a first receiver 12A comprising a controller 120A, wherein the first receiver 12A is configured to receive the first polarised optical signal S1.

Abstract: A multi-aperture free-space optical communications receiver comprises a plurality of telescopes each having a clear objective aperture with a diameter between 50 mm and 250 mm and arranged for receiving light collectively from an optical communications light source. A coherent combiner unit is configured for coherently combining the collectively received light to produce a combined optical signal therewith. Each telescope is arranged in association with, respectively, a wavefront detector to determine a wavefront of said received light directed to it by the respective telescope, a steerable reflector unit including a deformable mirror controllable to deform according to said determined wavefront such that said received light is reflected by the deformable mirror with a modified wavefront, and an optical signal receiver comprising a single-mode optical fibre.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of Free Space Optics (FSO), more specifically it is directed to: a method of obtaining a connection between at least two optical signal nodes, of a FSO, communication system each node comprising a transmitting device and receiving device; and transmitting via the transmitting device of a first node, a first diverged optical signal into an optical medium; receiving at the receiving device of the second node the first diverged optical signal and transmitting via the transmitting device of the second node a second diverged signal to the receiving device of the first node to establish a location of said first node establishing a connection, after which; the first node switches from the diverged optical signal to a narrower optical signal for the transmission of data via the connection.

Abstract: A multi-aperture free-space optical communications receiver comprises a plurality of telescopes each having a clear objective aperture with a diameter between 50 mm and 250 mm and arranged for receiving light collectively from an optical communications light source. A coherent combiner unit is configured for coherently combining the collectively received light to produce a combined optical signal therewith. Each telescope is arranged in association with, respectively, a wavefront detector to determine a wavefront of said received light directed to it by the respective telescope, a steerable reflector unit including a deformable mirror controllable to deform according to said determined wavefront such that said received light is reflected by the deformable mirror with a modified wavefront, and an optical signal receiver comprising a single-mode optical fibre.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of Free Space Optics (FSO), more specifically it is directed to: a method of obtaining a connection between at least two optical signal nodes, of a FSO, communication system each node comprising a transmitting device and receiving device; and transmitting via the transmitting device of a first node, a first diverged optical signal into an optical medium; receiving at the receiving device of the second node the first diverged optical signal and transmitting via the transmitting device of the second node a second diverged signal to the receiving device of the first node to establish a location of said first node establishing a connection, after which; the first node switches from the diverged optical signal to a narrower optical signal for the transmission of data via the connection.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lighter than air vehicle comprising a first envelope, a second envelope located inside the first envelope, and a tube connecting the first envelope to the second envelope. The first envelope and the second envelope are spaced apart so as to define a chamber between the first envelope and the second envelope. The chamber is filled with a lighter than air gas. A first opening of the tube is located at an external surface of the first envelope. A second opening of the tube is located at an internal surface of the second envelope, the second opening of the tube being at an opposite end of the tube to the first opening of the tube.

Abstract: Apparatus for and method of transmitting an optical signal by a Free Space Optical, FSO, communication system, the method comprising: transmitting, by an optical signal transmitter (104), an optical signal (700) into at least part of a volume of an optical medium (302); and controlling, by a controller, the optical signal transmitter (104), to scan the at least part of the volume (302) using the optical signal (700) in a sequence of non-overlapping loops (704, 708). The sequence of non-overlapping loops (704, 708) may be a sequence of non-overlapping, concentric circular loops.

Abstract: A free space optical communication system receiver (500) comprising: a central optical sensor (600); and a plurality of further optical sensors (601-604) disposed around a peripheral edge of the central optical sensor (600). The free space optical communication system receiver (500) may be coupled to means for moving the free space optical communication system receiver (500) relative to an incoming optical signal (510). A controller (508) may be configured to, using measurements of the incident optical signal (510) by the plurality of further optical sensors (601-604), control the means so as to move the free space optical communication system receiver (500) relative to the incident optical signal (510).

Abstract: Imaging apparatus on a host platform having an external surface, the external surface comprising a first surface facing a first direction and a second surface facing a second direction, the second direction being different to the first, the apparatus comprising a first and second plurality of single pixel detectors (10) distributed about said external surface such that the first plurality of single pixel detectors are distributed over the first surface and the second plurality of single pixel detectors are distributed over the second surface, each single pixel detector being configured to receive radiation reflected by an object or region of interest (18) and generate two-dimensional image data representative thereof, the apparatus further comprising an image processing module (16) for receiving said two-dimensional image data from each of a plurality of single pixel detectors (10) and reconstructing a three-dimensional image of said object or region of interest (18) using a ghost imaging algorithm.

Abstract: A free space optical communication system receiver (500) comprising: a central optical sensor (600); and a plurality of further optical sensors (601-604) disposed around a peripheral edge of the central optical sensor (600). The free space optical communication system receiver (500) may be coupled to means for moving the free space optical communication system receiver (500) relative to an incoming optical signal (510). A controller (508) may be configured to, using measurements of the incident optical signal (510) by the plurality of further optical sensors (601-604), control the means so as to move the free space optical communication system receiver (500) relative to the incident optical signal (510).

Abstract: Apparatus for and method of transmitting an optical signal by a Free Space Optical, FSO, communication system, the method comprising: transmitting, by an optical signal transmitter (104), an optical signal (700) into at least part of a volume of an optical medium (302); and controlling, by a controller, the optical signal transmitter (104), to scan the at least part of the volume (302) using the optical signal (700) in a sequence of non-overlapping loops (704, 708). The sequence of non-overlapping loops (704, 708) may be a sequence of non-overlapping, concentric circular loops.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lighter than air vehicle comprising: an envelope containing a lighter than air gas, at least part of the envelope admitting the passage of light through the at least part of the envelope; and a directing device for selectively redirecting the light which passes through the at least part of the envelope. The vehicle may further comprises a plurality of devices for using incident light. The directing device for selectively redirecting the light may be for selectively redirecting the light onto a selected device, for example, by switching the positions of two or more devices into the path of the light.

Abstract: Imaging apparatus on a host platform having an external surface, the external surface comprising a first surface facing a first direction and a second surface facing a second direction, the second direction being different to the first, the apparatus comprising a first and second plurality of single pixel detectors (10) distributed about said external surface such that the first plurality of single pixel detectors are distributed over the first surface and the second plurality of single pixel detectors are distributed over the second surface, each single pixel detector being configured to receive radiation reflected by an object or region of interest (18) and generate two-dimensional image data representative thereof, the apparatus further comprising an image processing module (16) for receiving said two-dimensional image data from each of a plurality of single pixel detectors (10) and reconstructing a three-dimensional image of said object or region of interest (18) using a ghost imaging algorithm.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lighter than air vehicle comprising a first envelope, a second envelope located inside the first envelope, and a tube connecting the first envelope to the second envelope. The first envelope and the second envelope are spaced apart so as to define a chamber between the first envelope and the second envelope. The chamber is filled with a lighter than air gas. A first opening of the tube is located at an external surface of the first envelope. A second opening of the tube is located at an internal surface of the second envelope, the second opening of the tube being at an opposite end of the tube to the first opening of the tube.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lighter than air vehicle comprising: an envelope (34) containing a lighter than air gas (22), at least part of the envelope (34) admitting the passage of light (28) through the at least part of the envelope (34); and means for selectively redirecting the light (28) which passes through the at least part of the envelope (34). The vehicle may further comprises a plurality of devices (44, 50) for using incident light (28). The means for selectively redirecting the light (28) may be for selectively redirecting the light (28) onto a selected device (44, 50), for example, by switching the positions of two or more devices (44, 50) into the path of the light (28).

Abstract: The present application provides human antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof that specifically bind to the human interleukin-21 receptor (IL-21R). The antibodies can act as antagonists of IL-21R activity, thereby modulating immune responses in general, and those mediated by IL-21R in particular. The disclosed compositions and methods may be used for example, in diagnosing, treating or preventing inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, allergies, transplant rejection, cancer, and other immune system disorders.

Abstract: The present application provides human antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof that specifically bind to the human interleukin-21 receptor (IL-21R). The antibodies can act as antagonists of IL-21R activity, thereby modulating immune responses in general, and those mediated by IL-21R in particular. The disclosed compositions and methods may be used for example, in diagnosing, treating or preventing inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, allergies, transplant rejection, cancer, and other immune system disorders.

Abstract: Specific binding members, featuring certain residues of the third CDR of the antibody NH576 (portions of SEQ ID NO:2) are provided, together with their use in methods of treatment and diagnosis.

Abstract: The present application provides human antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof that specifically bind to the human interleukin-21 receptor (IL-21R). The antibodies can act as antagonists of IL-21R activity, thereby modulating immune responses in general, and those mediated by IL-21R in particular. The disclosed compositions and methods may be used for example, in diagnosing, treating or preventing inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, allergies, transplant rejection, cancer, and other immune system disorders.