Abstract: A size standard, kit includes a size standard, method of defining a size standard and method of analysis using a size standard. The size standard is intended to include size standard elements which have a size greater than and/or less than and/or different from the components of a sample which are to be sized. This means that the same characteristic unit, such as a dye, can be used to label the component and the size standard. A further characteristic unit, from amongst a limited number of such characteristic units is liberated from use only on size standards for use on components. The method is therefore particularly useful in multiplex amplification of STRs.

Abstract: The invention provides a marking system, markers and methods of use of such marking systems and markers which enable unique marking of articles and subsequent detection of that marking. In particular the invention provides a marking system, the marking system comprising a plurality of different DNA fragment types, each of the plurality of different DNA fragment types comprising a plurality of different length DNA fragments and a method in which a sample of the DNA fragment type is taken, amplified and analysed to determine the identity of the marker for an article.

Abstract: The invention provides a marking system, markers and methods of use of such marking systems and markers which enable unique marking of articles and subsequent detection of that marking. In particular the invention provides a marking system, the marking system comprising a plurality of different DNA fragment types, each of the plurality of different DNA fragment types comprising a plurality of different length DNA fragments and a method in which a sample of the DNA fragment type is taken, amplified and analysed to determine the identity of the marker for an article.

Abstract: The invention provides a marking system, markers and methods of use of such marking systems and markers which enable unique marking of articles and subsequent detection of that marking. In particular the invention provides a marking system, the marking system comprising a plurality of different DNA fragment types, each of the plurality of different DNA fragment types comprising a plurality of different length DNA fragments and a method in which a sample of the DNA fragment type is taken, amplified and analysed to determine the identity of the marker for an article.

Abstract: The invention aims to provide additional information of the identity or source of DNA sample, particularly an ethnic characteristic, such as the ethnic grouping, of the person who is the source of the DNA sample.