Abstract: An ignition system for a vehicle internal combustion engine (12) has a capsule defining a pre-chamber (136), an ignition fuel supply system (500) configured to inject an ignition fuel to the pre-chamber to create an ignition fuel-air mix in the pre-chamber, an ignition surface (137) within the pre-chamber, the ignition surface being defined by an interior surface of the capsule and configured to be contacted by the ignition fuel in the pre-chamber to thereby ignite the ignition fuel by hot surface ignition, and at least one jet nozzle (152). The ignition fuel is characterised by having a carbon content by mass less than 65%, a hot surface ignition temperature less than 500 deg C., and a volumetric energy density (LHV) greater than 18 MJ/L. The at least one jet nozzle is configured such that ignition of the ignition fuel by contact with the ignition surface causes at least one of hot gases, partially combusted fuel and flames to leave the pre-chamber through the at least one jet nozzle.

Abstract: An improved meter and its operation is described. The meter can be a part of a larger automated meter reading process that allows for remote reading of the meter though power line communication. Using a microcomputer core, the meter processes incoming analog data and can calculate several relevant data values need by utility providers. The meter can also be used to monitor and detect tampering dry connect/voltage free devices, such as gas and water meters, connected to the meter.

Abstract: An improved meter and its operation is described. The meter can be a part of a larger automated meter reading process that allows for remote reading of the meter though power line communication. Using a microcomputer core, the meter processes incoming analog data and can calculate several relevant data values need by utility providers. The meter can also be used to monitor and detect tampering dry connect/voltage free devices, such as gas and water meters, connected to the meter.

Abstract: An improved meter and its operation is described. The meter can be a part of a larger automated meter reading process that allows for remote reading of the meter though power line communication. Using a microcomputer core, the meter processes incoming analog data and can calculate several relevant data values need by utility providers. The meter can also be used to monitor and detect tampering dry connect/voltage free devices, such as gas and water meters, connected to the meter.