Abstract: Provided are flow batteries, comprising: a first reservoir containing a first electrolyte solution and one or more battery packs. A battery pack comprises a battery stack, an enclosure enclosing the battery stack, a first supply flow path, and a first return flow path. The first supply flow path comprises a substantially U-shaped bend such that a first portion of the first supply flow path and a second portion of the first supply flow path are positioned substantially parallel to each other and within the enclosure. The first return flow path comprises a substantially U-shaped bend such that a first portion of the first return flow path and a second portion of the first return flow path are positioned substantially parallel to each other and within the enclosure. These flow batteries are useful to mitigate inter-stack shunt currents.

Abstract: Provided are assemblies, comprising: a first leaf spring; a second leaf spring; and at least one component; the first leaf spring and the second leaf spring being superposed over a first end of the at least one component so as to exert first and second forces, respectively, through first and second regions of the component. These assemblies are useful to apply different forces to a stacked assembly where a cross section of a component of the assembly comprises materials of different Young’s moduli within that cross section, thereby compressing different regions of the component with different forces.

Abstract: Provided are assemblies, comprising: a first leaf spring; a second leaf spring; and at least one component; the first leaf spring and the second leaf spring being superposed over a first end of the at least one component so as to exert first and second forces, respectively, through first and second regions of the component. These assemblies are useful to apply different forces to a stacked assembly where a cross section of a component of the assembly comprises materials of different Young's moduli within that cross section, thereby compressing different regions of the component with different forces.

Abstract: Provided are assemblies, comprising: a first leaf spring; a second leaf spring; and at least one component; the first leaf spring and the second leaf spring being superposed over a first end of the at least one component so as to exert first and second forces, respectively, through first and second regions of the component. These assemblies are useful to apply different forces to a stacked assembly where a cross section of a component of the assembly comprises materials of different Young's moduli within that cross section, thereby compressing different regions of the component with different forces.

Abstract: Provided are one-piece end plates, which end plates can act as current collectors and are useful in electrochemical cell stack assemblies. The end plates can be secured to one another by floating tie rods that exert a pressure on the electrochemical cells disposed between the end plates.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods for levelizing circulation rates over multiple electrochemical cells of an electrochemical cell stack due to a pressure drop that occurs at an outlet of each electrochemical cell.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods for levelizing circulation rates over multiple electrochemical cells of an electrochemical cell stack due to a pressure drop that occurs at an outlet of each electrochemical cell.

Abstract: Electrolyte solution circulation rates in a flow battery can impact operating performance. Although adjusting the circulation rates can allow improved performance to be realized, it can be difficult to levelize circulation rates over multiple electrochemical cells of an electrochemical cell stack due to a non-uniform pressure drop that occurs at an outlet of each electrochemical cell. Accordingly, flow batteries capable of realizing improved operating performance can include: an electrochemical cell stack containing a plurality of electrochemical cells in electrical communication with one another; an inlet manifold containing an inflow channel fluidically connected to an inflow side of each of the electrochemical cells; an outlet manifold containing an outflow channel fluidically connected to an outflow side of each of the electrochemical cells; and an insert disposed in the outflow channel. The insert has a variable width along a length of the outflow channel.

Abstract: Electrolyte solution circulation rates in a flow battery can impact operating performance. Although adjusting the circulation rates can allow improved performance to be realized, it can be difficult to levelize circulation rates over multiple electrochemical cells of an electrochemical cell stack due to a non-uniform pressure drop that occurs at an outlet of each electrochemical cell. Accordingly, flow batteries capable of realizing improved operating performance can include: an electrochemical cell stack containing a plurality of electrochemical cells in electrical communication with one another; an inlet manifold containing an inflow channel fluidically connected to an inflow side of each of the electrochemical cells; an outlet manifold containing an outflow channel fluidically connected to an outflow side of each of the electrochemical cells; and an insert disposed in the outflow channel. The insert has a variable width along a length of the outflow channel.

Abstract: An example energy dissipation device for controlling a fuel cell fluid includes a conduit extending in longitudinal direction between a first opening and a second opening. A flow control insert is configured to be received within the conduit. The flow control insert is configured to cause a fuel cell fluid to flow helically relative to the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: An example energy dissipation device for controlling a fuel cell fluid includes a conduit extending in longitudinal direction between a first opening and a second opening. A flow control insert is configured to be received within the conduit. The flow control insert is configured to cause a fuel cell fluid to flow helically relative to the longitudinal direction.