Abstract: There is provided a method of loading antigen in a dendritic cell for antigen presentation, the method comprising: modifying a pluripotent stem cell with a nucleic acid molecule encoding an antigen or one or more immunogenic epitopes thereof; inducing the pluripotent stem cell to differentiate into a dendritic cell that expresses and presents the antigen or the one or more immunogenic epitopes thereof. Dendritic cells, vaccines and methods of using the dendritic cells and vaccines are also provided.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of preparing a composition comprising stimulated immune system cells such as dendritic cells (DC) for use in inducing immune response of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against colorectal cancer. The dendritic cells are pulsed by contact with colorectal cancer stem cells (CSC) or their fragments thereof. These colorectal CSCs are produced by OSKM (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc) induced reprogramming of differentiated colorectal cancer cells (CRC) which results in undifferentiated colorectal CSC-like cells. Both the CSC-like cells and the lysates of heat-shocked CSC-like cells could be used as an accessible source of tumour antigens for DC pulsing to induce specific immune responses against colorectal CSCs.

Abstract: There is provided eyeglasses with adjustable light penetration including two lenses, a power source and a control device. The two lenses respectively include two electrodes and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the two electrodes. The power source is electrically coupled to the two electrodes of the two lenses through the control device. The control device is configured to control an electrical signal provided from the power source to the two electrodes thereby adjusting a light penetration rate of the liquid crystal layer.