Abstract: A display apparatus comprising a display medium and a gain reflector disposed behind the display medium for reflecting incident light. The display medium may comprise a liquid crystal material containing a dye that conforms to the structure of the liquid crystal material and a containment medium for inducing distorted alignment of the liquid crystal material which in response to such alignment scatters and absorbs light and which response to a prescribed input reduces the amount of such scattering and absorption.

Abstract: A display apparatus comprising a display medium and a gain reflector disposed behind the display medium for reflecting incident light. The display medium may comprise a liquid crystal material containing a dye that conforms to the structure of the liquid crystal material and a containment medium for inducing distorted alignment of the liquid crystal material which in response to such alignment scatters and absorbs light and which response to a prescribed input reduces the amount of such scattering and absorption.

Abstract: Projection display devices and/or remote blackboard systems are provided with electrophoretic type cells used to control the projected light source. Light is directed toward the EPID cell through a total internal reflecting type prism, and reflected light from a totally internal reflecting surface at the interface of the cell and prism is projected to a viewing device. By writing information into the EPID type cell, total internal reflection can be frustrated and an image is formed at the viewing device. Information may be written into the EPID type device by a scaning laser, or by an electrostatic writing instrument.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display device comprises a cell in which a colloidal suspension of pigment particles is contained between associated electrodes and means are provided for the establishment of a potential between the electrodes for the selective transport of pigment particles. This potential permits changing the spatial distribution of pigment particles in specifically defined regions of the display cell. The device also comprises a light transmissive plate associated with the cell, whereby illumination received in the plate is internally reflected, with light coupling between the illumination and selected regions of the cell at which such particles are suitably disposed. The coupled illumination is transmitted by the cell to the observer. The cell regions at which the particles are disposed are switchably selectable.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display device in which an colloidal suspension of pigment particles is contained between a pair of electrodes, and means are provided in the structure of the electrodes of the cell for the establishment of a voltage threshold for the transport of pigment particles. This threshold permits the changing of the spatial distribution of pigment particles in specifically defined regions of the display cell.