Abstract: A communication apparatus comprises antenna circuitry configured to, during a communication session, transmit uplink messages to a base station and receive downlink messages from the base station. The apparatus also comprises time adjustment decoding circuitry to decode a time adjustment from a message received from the base station, and time adjustment application circuitry to apply the time adjustment to the uplink messages. The time adjustment application circuitry is capable of applying both of a positive time adjustment to advance a given uplink message and a negative time adjustment to retard the given uplink message.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus and method, the apparatus comprising an antenna system to communicate with a further antenna system. The apparatus includes computation circuitry to calculate a timing advance, restricted to a predefined range, to be applied by the further antenna system, to modify a transmission time for uplink data corresponding to a sub-frame relative to a reception time for downlink data corresponding to the sub-frame at the further antenna system. The computation circuitry is configured to estimate a round trip time, when the round trip time is within the predefined range, to set the timing advance based on the round trip time, and when the round trip time is outside of the predefined range, to set the timing advance to a value within the predefined range, wherein a difference between the value and the round trip time is based on a duration of one or more sub-frames.

Abstract: A base station apparatus comprises antenna circuitry to transmit messages to and receive messages from a target communication apparatus. The base station apparatus comprises circuitry to determine an indication of a propagation delay in messages sent between the base station apparatus and the target communication apparatus, and circuitry to determine a time adjustment to be communicated to the target communication apparatus based on the indication of the propagation delay. The time adjustment is calculated such that when an uplink message to which the time adjustment has been applied is received at the base station apparatus, a given boundary between temporal segments in the received uplink message aligns with a reference boundary selected in dependence on which of a plurality of defined ranges the indication of the propagation delay falls within.

Abstract: Wireless base stations and operating methods therefor are disclosed, where the wireless base station is configured for wireless communication with a plurality of terminals and comprises an antenna array to generate a plural beams. A scheduler allocates wireless resources comprising the plural beams and plural resource block groups. The wireless resource allocation for a given timeslot comprises an initial and an iterative stage, the initial stage comprising: selecting a first beam for allocation to a first terminal and determining a first selected subset of RBGs that satisfy a channel quality threshold. The iterative stage comprises selecting a further beam for allocation to a further terminal and determining a candidate subset of RBGs that each do not have expected interference above an interference tolerance threshold for any already-allocated resource. From this subset an allocation is made to satisfy a channel quality threshold. The iterative stage is repeated as required.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for performing a handover analysis. The apparatus comprises base station location identifying circuitry to obtain base station location information for a plurality of base stations that provide a wireless network for communication with a moving vehicle. In addition, moving vehicle tracking circuitry is provided to obtain position and velocity information for the moving vehicle. Handover metrics computation circuitry is then used to generate at least one handover metric computed from the position and velocity information for the moving vehicle and the base station location information, for use in determining a target base station in said plurality to be used when performing a handover procedure to transition communication with the moving vehicle from the current base station in said plurality to the target base station.

Abstract: There is provided a network comprising antenna circuitry to receive incoming signals and transmit outgoing signals. Remote modem circuitry, connected to the antenna circuitry by analog cabling, demodulates a first incoming signal of the incoming signals to produce first incoming data and control circuitry, remote from the remote modem circuitry and connected to the remote modem circuitry via digital cabling, controls a behaviour of the remote modem circuitry and receives the first incoming data from the remote modem circuitry.

Abstract: A cellular communication apparatus includes antenna circuitry. A transceiver receives or transmits a signal using the antenna circuitry on a chosen channel of a portion of a radio spectrum. The portion of the radio spectrum is divided into one or more channels including the chosen channel each occupying a bandwidth of the portion of the radio spectrum. Control circuitry dynamically changes a configuration of the one or more channels of the radio spectrum and communication circuitry communicates the configuration of the one or more channels of the radio spectrum to one or more items of user equipment.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus is provided that has a strip of antenna elements extending in a first dimension, and a signal processing interface for connection to signal processing circuitry. A plurality of beamforming networks are also provided, wherein each beamforming network is arranged, when coupled to the strip of antenna elements, to cause an associated beam pattern of the beamforming network to be generated by the strip of antenna elements. Switching circuitry is used to enable any one of the plurality of beamforming networks to be inserted between the strip of antenna elements and the signal processing interface. Each beamforming network couples a first node of the beamforming network with multiple second nodes of the beamforming network in accordance with a coupling pattern of that beamforming network.

Abstract: A wireless communication system for a moving vehicle, and a method of operation of a wireless communication system for a moving vehicle, are described. The wireless communication system comprises an antenna system configured to receive a received signal from a further antenna system and to transmit a transmitted signal to the further antenna system, communication control circuitry to control operation of the antenna system, and analysis circuitry. The analysis circuitry is configured to obtain at least one item of information from the received signal, and perform a Doppler adjustment process to determine, based on the at least one item of information, an adjusted transmitted frequency (ft) to be used for transmission of the transmitted signal from the antenna system, such that an observed frequency of the transmitted signal at the further antenna system is a predetermined uplink frequency (fUL).

Abstract: In brief overall summary there is provided an apparatus and a method of operating an apparatus, the apparatus is comprising: communication circuitry configured to receive information indicative of a quality of a wireless uplink connection; and scheduling circuitry configured to determine an uplink transmission configuration defining a subset of uplink resource blocks allocated to the wireless uplink connection, the subset of uplink resource blocks determined based on a simultaneous consideration of both of the quality of the wireless uplink connection and a power spectrum distribution of a total power budget across the uplink resource blocks, wherein the power spectrum distribution is non-uniform across the uplink resource blocks.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus that includes communication circuitry for receiving information indicative of quality of a wireless downlink connection. Scheduling circuitry determines a subset of downlink resource blocks allocated to the wireless downlink connection based on the quality of the wireless downlink connection and a spectrum distribution of power across the downlink resource blocks. Power control circuitry allocates a budget of the power to the subset of downlink resource blocks according to the spectrum distribution of the power. The spectrum distribution of the power is non-uniform across the downlink resource blocks.

Abstract: An antenna system for a moving vehicle, the antenna system comprising: a main antenna to generate a main beam; a measurement antenna to generate a measurement beam; and control circuitry to perform an adjustment process by: rotating the main beam to an initial bearing angle; rotating the measurement beam independently of the main beam to receive signals at positions to either side of the initial bearing angle; comparing at least one metric measured for the signals received by the measurement antenna at the positions to either side of the initial bearing angle to generate a comparison output; and determining, based on the comparison output, a correction to be applied to the initial bearing angle of the main beam.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus for use in a wireless network and method of operating such an antenna apparatus are provided. A wireless network controller provides a configuration of such an antenna apparatus, a method of operating such a wireless network controller, and a resulting wireless network. The antenna apparatus comprises a directional antenna and a uniform circular antenna array. The directional antenna can be rotatably positioned about an axis with respect to a fixed mounting portion of the apparatus in dependence on wireless signals received by the antenna array. The antenna array allows the antenna apparatus to receive wireless signals isotropically and thus to accurately monitor the wireless signal environment in which it finds itself. The antenna apparatus can thus monitor and characterise incoming signals, both from external interference sources and from other network nodes, and the directional antenna can then be positioned in rotation to improve the network throughput.

Abstract: An apparatus is described, comprising circuitry to obtain base station location information for a plurality of base stations that provide a wireless network for communication with a moving vehicle, the plurality of base stations comprising a current base station and one or more other base stations, circuitry to obtain moving vehicle tracking information for the moving vehicle, circuitry to determine, based on the moving vehicle tracking information and the base station location information, transmission adjustment control information associated with each other base station, and an interface configured to transmit, for reception by the moving vehicle, the transmission adjustment control information associated with at least a selected other base station, to enable the moving vehicle to adjust a signal transmitted to the selected other base station when a handover procedure is performed to transition communication with the moving vehicle from the current base station to the selected other base station.

Abstract: A base station for wireless communication is provided. The base station including communication circuitry configured to, during transmission time slots, transmit downlink data for reception by terminals, and configured to, during reception time slots, receive uplink data transmitted by the terminals. Downlink scheduling circuitry determines, for each transmission time slot, downlink data allocations, each identifying a terminal to which downlink data is to be transmitted, and wireless communication resources to be used by the wireless communication circuitry to transmit the downlink data to the identified terminal. Uplink scheduling circuitry determines a candidate list of uplink data allocations identifying, for reception time slots, terminals to be allocated to transmit uplink data within the reception time slots and, for each identified terminal, the wireless communication resources to be used.

Abstract: A base station for wireless communication with a plurality of terminals and a method of operating a base station are described. The base station comprises downlink scheduling circuitry to perform a downlink scheduling process and uplink scheduling circuitry to perform a corresponding uplink scheduling process, the uplink scheduling process being constrained based on results of the downlink scheduling process. In addition, the uplink scheduling circuitry is configured to provide, to the downlink scheduling circuitry, a control signal to influence the downlink scheduling process.

Abstract: A mechanism is provided for performing timing adjustment within a wireless communication system for a moving vehicle. The wireless communication system has an antenna system for communicating with a further antenna system, and communication control circuitry for performing a sign-on procedure to seek to establish a communication link with the further antenna system. During the sign-on procedure, the communication control circuitry issues via the antenna system a connection setup signal for receipt by the further antenna within an identified timing window. The wireless communication system also has location specifying circuitry for identifying a current location of the wireless communication system, and distance computation circuitry for obtaining location information specifying a location of the further antenna system, and for determining a separation distance between the antenna system and the further antenna system.

Abstract: In a wireless communications system comprising a user device and a base station, the base station periodically broadcasts system information which is used by the user device in a random access procedure to connect to the base station. The base station grants uplink resource to the user device for sending a connection request message. In response to the connection request message, the base station transmits a contention resolution message, which the user device must acknowledge. The system information periodically broadcast by the base station comprises an acknowledgement control marker defining whether the acknowledgement is to be sent on a reserved uplink control channel using second uplink resource or via first uplink resource allocated to the user device in the uplink grant for the connection request message.

Abstract: A technique is provided for controlling a beam pattern employed by an antenna apparatus. The antenna apparatus comprises an antenna array, and beamforming circuitry to employ a beam pattern in order to generate a beam using the antenna array to facilitate wireless communication with at least one further antenna apparatus. Beam pattern adjustment circuitry is then arranged to receive a control signal indicative of a motion being imparted to the antenna apparatus, and to adjust the beam pattern to be used by the beamforming circuitry in dependence on the control signal, so as to alter a width of the beam in order to mitigate variation in link quality of the wireless communication due to the motion.

Abstract: A communication apparatus, terminal apparatus, system and method are provided for performing wireless communication. The communication apparatus supports a plurality of component carriers, wherein one of the plurality of component carriers is designated as a current primary component and at least one of the plurality of component carriers is designated as a current secondary component carrier providing at least downlink communication. The communication apparatus comprises control circuitry for controlling a component carrier testing procedure for one or more component carriers. The testing procedure comprises, for each component carrier: establishing an uplink connection from the terminal apparatus to the communication apparatus using the component carrier; and determining a quality of the uplink connection for the component carrier.