Abstract: Provided are mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) having tethered (membrane-bound) TGF-? (MSC-derived membrane-tethered TGF-? EV), and compositions containing such EV for use as therapeutics and immunomodulatory agents. Provided also are diagnostic methods and methods of assessing or monitoring disease status and/or progression in patients using membrane-tethered TGF-? derived from a variety of cell sources that serve as detectable, quantifiable biomarkers in biological samples. The MSC-derived membrane-tethered TGF-? EV can also be used to deliver various bioactive agents to a target cell or tissue for treating various diseases. The level of TGF-? tethered to the membrane of the EV can also be modified or manipulated in vitro or ex vivo. Such modified MSC-derived membrane-tethered TGF-? EV are useful as immunotherapeutic agents in the treatment or management of certain diseases, particularly those involving inflammation, autoimmunity, transplant rejection and cancer.

Abstract: The invention features a drug delivery device which contains a cup-shaped body for enclosing a single external nare of a mammal but does not extend into the nostril of the mammal. The device is used in methods to treat pulmonary diseases. e.g., exercise intolerance, cough, and asthma-like attacks in horses and other animals.