Abstract: Composite airfoil singlet, includes airfoil extending from base to tip of airfoil, integrally formed with no more than one outer platform at tip and/or no more than one inner platform at base. Parallel composite plies or woven fibers extend through airfoil and through outer and/or inner platforms. Outer and/or inner curved sections extend between outer and/or inner platforms and airfoil respectively. Assembly includes circular row of the composite airfoil singlets depending radially inwardly from and mounted to an outer shroud or casing. Outer and/or inner fasteners may secure outer and inner platforms to outer shroud or casing and an inner shroud respectively and include shanks extending substantially perpendicularly from outer and inner fastening plates though platform holes in outer and inner platforms and through outer and inner holes in outer shroud or casing and inner shroud respectively. Nuts are screwed on threaded ends of shanks.

Abstract: Disconnect and re-connect communication signals are used to initiate a process to determine the physical, logical and/or both addresses of an Internet Protocol compatible device may have changed when the device moves from one physical location to another.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for managing a network includes detecting occurrence of a network event associated with a new network condition including unplanned and planned macro-events associated with network elements and communication links of the network. The network event is classified as being associated with at least one of a network element failure, communications link failure, and a security breach. In response to the network event exceeding a network degradation threshold, the network event is identified as a network degradation event, and an alert is sent to a network administrator to normalize the network degradation event.