Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods are provided for transmitting and retransmitting data. A first message transmitted by a sender computing entity to a receiver computing entity over a first port may exercise a first network path whereas a second message transmitted over a second port may exercise a second network path. A system (e.g., sender computing entity) may determine network reliability metrics for a plurality of network paths. If a system detects data loss (e.g., packet loss) on a first port, a second port may be selected based on network reliability metrics for retransmission of the lost data. A port may for example, be selected for retransmission based on the following criteria: (1) the port has the longest consecutive duration without packet loss and (2) the port has received an acknowledgement for a packet that was sent more recently than the initial transmission of the lost packet.

Abstract: A dispenser (101) for use in applying a protective barrier layer to a surface or structure using single-handed application. The dispenser (101) comprises a spindle portion (103) and a roller mount element (107), each supported by an end cap (102) and having a free end (105, 109). An application surface (111) of a roller (108) rotatable around the roller mount element (107) is resiliently deformable or deflectable for enabling a user to urgingly apply a load to dispensed material as it is being applied to the surface or structure. Dispensing apparatus (1001) comprises the dispenser (101) and protective barrier layer unit (301) comprising a roll of a layer of material (303) for dispensing by the dispenser (101).

Abstract: A designer builds a condensed, generic form of a spreadsheet which is a definition file. This can be designed in Microsoft Excel, following a set of guidelines, or using a high level symbolic language. If required, HTML files, can be produced directly from the Excel definition file to enable the user to, input parameters using a web browser. A user defines the various parameters that are to be used for their particular spreadsheet and the software of the present invention expands the template's rows and columns according to those requirements, working out the effect on the formulae and linked cells as this takes place. Behind the scenes a set of information tables are built, either in memory or in a file, based on the information in the definition file. These tables are processed in a structured way to build the spreadsheet formulae, reference other tables and build any objects required to operate the model. Formulae are copied and/or rebuilt depending on the circumstances in which they will be used.