Abstract: An apparatus for fresh airflow determination includes an operating conditions module that interprets a MAF value, a current operating condition and a charge flow value. The apparatus further includes a volume estimation module that determines an apparent plumbing volume of an air intake assembly in response to the MAF value, the current operating condition and the charge flow value. The apparatus further includes a volume reporting module that provides the apparent plumbing volume.

Abstract: A method includes determining a current mid-bed NH3 amount by operating an NH3 sensor positioned at a mid-bed location for an engine aftertreatment system having two SCR catalyst beds. The method further includes operating a NOx sensor positioned at the mid-bed location, and interpreting a current mid-bed ammonia to NOx ratio (ANR) and a current mid-bed NOx in response to the mid-bed NH3 amount and the operating the NOx sensor. The method further includes correcting an output value of the NOx sensor for cross-sensitivity to NH3. The method includes determining a mid-bed ANR constraint, determining a feedforward mid-bed NOx target, and providing a reductant injector command in response to the current mid-bed ANR, the current mid-bed NOx, the ANR constraint, and the feedforward mid-bed NOx target.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method and system for pressurizing a reductant solution from a reductant storage device and superheating the pressurized reductant solution. The superheated pressurized reductant solution at least partially decomposes in the heat exchanger and/or a decomposition chamber before it is released into an exhaust system. The at least partially decomposed reductant solution is delivered to the exhaust system upstream of the SCR catalyst.

Abstract: A method includes providing: a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst disposed in an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine, a reagent injector operationally coupled to the exhaust gas stream at a position upstream of the SCR catalyst, and a NOx sensor coupled to the exhaust gas stream at a position downstream of at least a first portion of the SCR catalyst. The method includes operating an extremum seeking controller to determine a first reagent injection amount corresponding to a predetermined slope of ?NOx/?ANR, the ?NOx/?ANR determined according to the NOx sensor, providing a reagent injection command in response to the first reagent injection amount, and injecting an amount of the reagent in response to the reagent injection command.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a sensor module includes a sensor probe that has at least two arms coupled together at a central location with each of the at least two arms extending radially outwardly away from the central location. Each of the at least two arms includes one of a plurality of openings and an elongate opening extending radially along the arm. The at least two arms define fluid flow channels therein. The sensor module also includes at least one extractor coupled to the probe. The at least one extractor includes a fluid flow channel that is communicable in fluid receiving communication with fluid flowing through the fluid flow channel of at least one of the at least two arms. Further, the sensor module includes at least one sensor that is communicable in fluid sensing communication with fluid flowing through the at least one extractor.

Abstract: A method includes providing: a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst disposed in an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine, a reagent injector operationally coupled to the exhaust gas stream at a position upstream of the SCR catalyst, and a NOx sensor coupled to the exhaust gas stream at a position downstream of at least a first portion of the SCR catalyst. The method includes operating an extremum seeking controller to determine a first reagent injection amount corresponding to a predetermined slope of ?NOx/?ANR, the ?NOx/?ANR determined according to the NOx sensor, providing a reagent injection command in response to the first reagent injection amount, and injecting an amount of the reagent in response to the reagent injection command.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method and system for pressurizing a reductant solution from a reductant storage device and superheating the pressurized reductant solution. The superheated pressurized reductant solution at least partially decomposes in the heat exchanger and/or a decomposition chamber before it is released into an exhaust system. The at least partially decomposed reductant solution is delivered to the exhaust system upstream of the SCR catalyst.

Abstract: A method includes determining a current mid-bed NH3 amount by operating an NH3 sensor positioned at a mid-bed location for an engine aftertreatment system having two SCR catalyst beds. The method further includes operating a NOx sensor positioned at the mid-bed location, and interpreting a current mid-bed ammonia to NOx ratio (ANR) and a current mid-bed NOx in response to the mid-bed NH3 amount and the operating the NOx sensor. The method further includes correcting an output value of the NOx sensor for cross-sensitivity to NH3. The method includes determining a mid-bed ANR constraint, determining a feedforward mid-bed NOx target, and providing a reductant injector command in response to the current mid-bed ANR, the current mid-bed NOx, the ANR constraint, and the feedforward mid-bed NOx target.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a sensor module includes a sensor probe that has at least two arms coupled together at a central location with each of the at least two arms extending radially outwardly away from the central location. Each of the at least two arms includes one of a plurality of openings and an elongate opening extending radially along the arm. The at least two arms define fluid flow channels therein. The sensor module also includes at least one extractor coupled to the probe. The at least one extractor includes a fluid flow channel that is communicable in fluid receiving communication with fluid flowing through the fluid flow channel of at least one of the at least two arms. Further, the sensor module includes at least one sensor that is communicable in fluid sensing communication with fluid flowing through the at least one extractor.

Abstract: Various embodiments of an apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for reducing NOx emissions using ammonia storage on an SCR catalyst. For example, according to one representative embodiment, an apparatus for reducing NOx emissions in an engine exhaust includes a NOx reduction target module that is configured to determine a NOx reduction requirement. The apparatus also includes an ammonia storage module that is configured to determine an ammonia storage modifier. An ammonia target module of the apparatus is configured to determine an ammonia addition requirement. The ammonia target module is communicable in data receiving communication with the ammonia storage module to receive the ammonia storage modifier, which is added to the ammonia addition requirement. The apparatus also includes a reductant target module that is configured to determine a reductant injection requirement that includes an amount of reductant added to the exhaust gas stream to achieve the ammonia addition requirement.

Abstract: Various embodiments of an apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for reducing NOx emissions using ammonia storage on an SCR catalyst. For example, according to one representative embodiment, an apparatus for reducing NOx emissions in an engine exhaust includes a NOx reduction target module that is configured to determine a NOx reduction requirement. The apparatus also includes an ammonia storage module that is configured to determine an ammonia storage modifier. An ammonia target module of the apparatus is configured to determine an ammonia addition requirement. The ammonia target module is communicable in data receiving communication with the ammonia storage module to receive the ammonia storage modifier, which is added to the ammonia addition requirement. The apparatus also includes a reductant target module that is configured to determine a reductant injection requirement that includes an amount of reductant added to the exhaust gas stream to achieve the ammonia addition requirement.

Abstract: A fuel system has a source of fuel coupled to a plurality of fuel injectors via a fuel rail. The system is operable to determining a critical on-time for a selected one of the injectors by disabling fuel flow from the source of fuel to the fuel rail, periodically sampling fuel rail pressure, activating the selected injector for an on-time duration while inhibiting injection by remaining ones of the injectors, determining from the fuel rail pressure samples a pressure drop resulting from activation of the selected injector for the on-time duration, processing the pressure drop to determine whether or not the selected injector injected fuel, and repeatedly modifying the on-time duration followed by executing the sampling, activating, determining and processing steps until a critical on-time is determined that corresponds to a minimum on-time duration to which the selected fuel injector is responsive to inject a discernable amount of fuel.

Abstract: A fuel system has a source of fuel coupled to a plurality of fuel injectors via a fuel rail. The system is operable to determining a critical on-time for a selected one of the injectors by disabling fuel flow from the source of fuel to the fuel rail, periodically sampling fuel rail pressure, activating the selected injector for an on-time duration while inhibiting injection by remaining ones of the injectors, determining from the fuel rail pressure samples a pressure drop resulting from activation of the selected injector for the on-time duration, processing the pressure drop to determine whether or not the selected injector injected fuel, and repeatedly modifying the on-time duration followed by executing the sampling, activating, determining and processing steps until a critical on-time is determined that corresponds to a minimum on-time duration to which the selected fuel injector is responsive to inject a discernable amount of fuel.

Abstract: A fuel system has a source of fuel coupled to a plurality of fuel injectors via a fuel rail. The system is operable to disable fuel flow to the fuel rail, select one of the fuel injectors to inject fuel into the engine while inhibiting fuel injection by the remaining fuel injectors, periodically sample fuel rail pressure, activate the selected fuel injector to inject fuel into the engine, determine from the fuel rail pressure samples a first value of the fuel rail pressure when the selected fuel injector is activated, deactivate the selected fuel injector, determine from the fuel rail pressure samples a second value of the fuel rail pressure when the selected fuel injector is deactivated, and compute a drop in pressure of the fuel rail due to injection of fuel by the selected fuel injector based on the first and second fuel rail pressure values.

Abstract: Method and System for detecting speaker change in a voice transaction is provided. The system analyzes a portion of speech in a speech stream and determines a speech feature set. The system then detects a feature change and determines speaker change.

Abstract: A method and system for securely recording a verbal transaction, the method including the steps of recording an offer and an acceptance of the transaction as a digital audio file, generating a voice security token from the recorded digital audio file, and providing the generated voice security token to a buyer and/or a seller, wherein the voice security token provides authentication of the transaction. The voice security token is generated by sampling audio frequency and intensity set of the recorded digital audio file and converting the sampled information from a current time domain spectrum to a frequency domain spectrum to condense the sampled information. Finally, a digital file is generated from the condensed information, and encrypted to produce the voice security token.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for securely recording a verbal transaction, the method including the steps of recording an offer and an acceptance of the transaction as a digital audio file, generating a voice security token from the recorded digital audio file, and providing the generated voice security token to buyer and seller, wherein the voice security token provides authentication of the transaction.