Abstract: A nanopowder and a method of making are disclosed. The nanopowder may be in the form of nanoparticles with an average size of less than about 200 nm and contain a reactive transition metal, such as hafnium, zirconium, or titanium. The nanopowder can be formed in a liquid under sonication by reducing a halide of the transition metal.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to a nanocomposite catalyst material for electrochemical devices such as fuel cells, comprising metal nanoparticles impregnated on a conductive support that is coated with a transition metal compound. The metal nanoparticles may comprise platinum; the metal phosphate may comprise tantalum oxyphosphate, niobium oxyphosphate, tantalum oxide, niobium oxide, or any combination thereof; and the conductive support may comprise carbon. In addition, the present invention provides for a method of making the catalyst material.

Abstract: The compounds shown below. R is —O—, —O—(CH2)n—O—, or —(O—CH2—CH2)n—O—; and n is a positive integer. Heating an allyl ether compound in the presence of Fe(CO)5 and a base to form the below propenyl ether monomer. Polymerizing the below propenyl ether monomer.

Abstract: A method of growing single-crystals of a cubic (zinc blende) form of gallium nitride, the method comprising the steps of:

Abstract: Bulk cubic gallium nitride is made by charging into a reaction vessel to a fill of 25-95% having a temperature difference between its ends of at least 1° C. a gallium precursor, sufficient amount of an acid mineralizer to form product zinc blende gallium nitride, and sufficient amount of ammonia to at least solubilize the precursor; sealing the reaction vessel; heating contents of the reaction vessel to at least 150° C. while autogenously pressurizing contents of the reaction vessel to at least 500 psi for a duration sufficient to form the product zinc blend gallium nitride; cooling contents of the reaction vessel; and removing from the reaction vessel the product zinc blende gallium nitride.

Abstract: Single crystals of binary and ternary compounds of alkaline earth and a chalcogen, with or without a transition element, are grown by: charging a reaction vessel with an alkaline earth chalcogenide, with or without a transition element or a halide thereof, an acidic mineralizer, and anhydrous ammonia to where the fill factor in the reaction vessel is 30-95%; sealing the reaction vessel to the outside atmosphere; heating the contents of the reaction vessel to a temperature of at least 300.degree. C. until single crystal materials visible to the eye form in the reaction vessel; cooling the contents of the reaction vessel; and extracting the single crystal materials from the reaction vessel.