Abstract: An electrode arrangement for an array of electrically-controllable elements has a series of generally parallel electrodes each for extending along a respective line of the electrically-controllable elements, and a series of driver lines for receiving driving signals. Each electrode is connected to a plurality of the driver lines each via a respective impedance. Each electrode is so connected to at least three of the driver lines. Additionally or alternatively, the driver lines are so connected to the electrodes such that the driver lines cannot be split into a pair of arbitrary groups of the driver lines for which (a) each group has generally the same number of driver lines and (b) each electrode is so connected to at least one of the driver lines in one of the groups and to at least one of the driver lines in the other of the groups. This enables the ratio of the number of electrodes to the number of driver lines to be increased.

Abstract: A method of compressing a bitmap of a symbol includes dividing up the symbol into one or more strokes which include a number of parallel, laterally adjacent, continuous line segments, run-length encoding each stroke to form a stream of line codes for that stroke, where the stream of line codes provides absolute values for position and length of one line segment and relative values of position and length for the other line segments; and then presenting the streams of the line codes in sequence, as a set representing the symbol.

Abstract: An LCD panel controller includes a panel display driver driving a display panel having an inherent line input buffer, a memory/interface block, a frame memory and a host computer. The memory interface block implements a non-uniform asynchronous transfer protocol for memory access and arbitration between requests for memory access by the display driver and one or more other interfaces shown in the memory/interface block. The nonuniform or asynchronous transfer provides a good level of memory access to other memory users, without requiring significant amounts of additional memory or significantly faster memory.