Abstract: An approach is provided that improves a question answering (QA) computer system by ingesting a set of documents into a corpus of a first QA system. A multiple choice test is generated from the set of documents. The multiple choice test includes any number of questions, with each of the questions having a correct answer and one or more candidate, or wrong answers. The questions and answers are retrieved from the set of documents. The approach identifies concepts that correspond to each of the questions. The candidate answers corresponding to each of the questions are generated based on the identified concepts that pertaining to the respective questions. In this manner, the candidate answers are designed to be misleading in light of the respective questions. A subject, such as a second QA system, is tested using the generated multiple choice test.

Abstract: For a search query submitted by a user, a result set including a plurality of pages is obtained. A first and a second personality score of a first and a second page, respectively, is determined using a value of a personality trait of the user and a weight associated with the value, and at least one of (i) a personality score of a site from which a first page is obtained based on a personality analysis of another content on the site, and (ii) a personality score of an author of the first page based on a personality analysis of another content published by the author. The first page is ordered ahead of the second page when the first personality score exceeding the second personality score, even when the first page and the second page are equally relevant to the search query.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product are provided for displaying tradeoff options for a plurality of items (e.g., treatment recommendations) and options (e.g., treatment outcomes) by analyzing the options based on user-specified preference data and weighting factors to identify a list of options for a comparative list of items, and then employing a user interface to display a comparison of tradeoff options for the comparative list of items as a treatment matrix which includes visual tradeoff indication for each option shared in common with the comparative list of items to assist with the comparison of tradeoff options for the comparative list of items, where the user-specified preference data and/or weighting factors may be dynamically modified through interaction with a user interface to specify importance and impact weighting factors.

Abstract: Mechanisms are provided for generating an answer to a superlative question. The mechanisms analyze the superlative question to extract a superlative term in the superlative question and a focus. A metric by which to evaluate the superlative term is identified based on one of a clue term in the superlative question or one or more portions of content of a corpus of information including the superlative term and focus. A search of the corpus is executed to identify one or more candidate answers to the superlative question based on evidence passages in the corpus, the superlative term, the focus, and the metric. A final answer to the superlative question is output based on the one or more candidate answers.

Abstract: A system, method, and a computer program product are provided for evaluating an analogical pattern by applying natural language processing to an information source to identify analogical pattern terms in a first analogical pattern, applying deep analysis to refine the analogical pattern terms based on semantic analysis to form metadata for the first analogical pattern, generating interpretations of different combinations of the first analogical pattern terms and the metadata, and then scoring each interpretation for each of the different combinations to select a first interpretation exceeding a predetermined threshold for interpretation of the analogical pattern, thereby evaluating the first analogical pattern.

Abstract: An approach is provided in which a knowledge manager analyzes multiple document phrases using a natural language processing model and generates multiple interpretations based upon the analysis. The knowledge manager identifies misinterpretation patterns by comparing the multiple interpretations with multiple corrections that include corrections to the multiple interpretations. In turn, the knowledge manager generates interpretation rules based upon the identified patterns and applies the interpretation rules to the natural language processing model.

Abstract: Mechanisms are provided, in a Question and Answer (QA) system comprising a processor and a memory, for debugging code. An input question identifying an error during execution of code is processed by the QA system using a corpus corresponding to a software product associated with the code, thereby generating a first candidate answer set. The QA system processes the input question using a code change record repository identifying changes to the code performed over time to generate a second candidate answer set. The QA system generates a final answer to the input question based on the first and second candidate answer sets and outputs the final answer to the input question. The final answer to the input question identifies at least one of a source, in the code, of the error or a solution to resolving the error.

Abstract: A mechanism is provided in a data processing system for partial ingestion of content. The mechanism receives new content to be ingested into a corpus of information. The mechanism applies a plurality of sub-pipelines of annotation engines against the new content in order of effectiveness. The plurality of sub-pipelines include all annotation engines of an ingestion pipeline. Each sub-pipeline within the plurality of sub-pipelines generates one or more intermediate output objects. The mechanism provides access to the one or more intermediate output objects.

Abstract: An approach is provided that improves a question answering (QA) computer system by ingesting a set of documents into a corpus of a first QA system. A multiple choice test is generated from the set of documents. The multiple choice test includes any number of questions, with each of the questions having a correct answer and one or more candidate, or wrong answers. The questions and answers are retrieved from the set of documents. The approach identifies concepts that correspond to each of the questions. The candidate answers corresponding to each of the questions are generated based on the identified concepts that pertaining to the respective questions. In this manner, the candidate answers are designed to be misleading in light of the respective questions. A subject, such as a second QA system, is tested using the generated multiple choice test.

Abstract: An approach is provided in which a knowledge manager analyzes multiple document phrases using a natural language processing model and generates multiple interpretations based upon the analysis. The knowledge manager identifies misinterpretation patterns by comparing the multiple interpretations with multiple corrections that include corrections to the multiple interpretations. In turn, the knowledge manager generates interpretation rules based upon the identified patterns and applies the interpretation rules to the natural language processing model.

Abstract: Resource provisioning to a process in a distributed computing system, such as a cloud computing system. An instruction to provision a resource is received. Portions of the resource are provisioned to the process as they become available, and prior to all portions becoming available, based on determining that the provisioning speed is greater than or equal to the use speed for the resource. If the use speed is faster, it may be actively slowed down.

Abstract: Resource provisioning to a process in a distributed computing system, such as a cloud computing system. An instruction to provision a resource is received. Portions of the resource are provisioned to the process as they become available, and prior to all portions becoming available, based on determining that the provisioning speed is greater than or equal to the use speed for the resource. If the use speed is faster, it may be actively slowed down.

Abstract: Resource provisioning to a process in a distributed computing system, such as a cloud computing system. An instruction to provision a resource is received. Portions of the resource are provisioned to the process as they become available, and prior to all portions becoming available, based on determining that the provisioning speed is greater than or equal to the use speed for the resource. If the use speed is faster, it may be actively slowed down.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a text and identifying a set of linguistic characteristics contained in the text, where linguistic characteristics include grammatical, syntactic, and idiomatic features of the text. The method also includes determining a plurality of locations of origin in which the text was potentially written based on the set of linguistic characteristics. The method also includes retrieving a set of reference documents for each location of origin in the plurality of locations of origin and producing a set of proximity scores by performing a set of proximity checks using the set of linguistic characteristics, the set of reference documents, and the text, wherein the proximity checks analyze how often and how close linguistic characteristics are to one another. The method also includes ranking the plurality of locations of origin based on the set of proximity scores and returning a set of one or more ranked locations of origin.

Abstract: For a search query submitted by a user, a result set including a plurality of pages is obtained. A first and a second personality score of a first and a second page, respectively, is determined using a value of a personality trait of the user and a weight associated with the value, and at least one of (i) a personality score of a site from which a first page is obtained based on a personality analysis of another content on the site, and (ii) a personality score of an author of the first page based on a personality analysis of another content published by the author. The first page is ordered ahead of the second page when the first personality score exceeding the second personality score, even when the first page and the second page are equally relevant to the search query.

Abstract: A method and system are provided. The method includes determining, by a processor-based capability determining element, different capabilities of each of different devices connected through one or more networks. The different capabilities include communication capabilities and manageability capabilities. The method further includes classifying, by the processor-based capability determining element, the different devices according to capability maturity rankings supported by the different capabilities to provide maturity-based capability classifications for the different devices. The capability maturity rankings are based on capability maturity criteria. The method also includes dynamically managing, by a controller, operations of the different devices in accordance with the maturity-based capability classifications.

Abstract: A method and system implemented for generating a music recommendation intended to surprise and delight a user using data and computer analytics. The method and system collects and categorizes musical preferences using past preferences, user demographics, social media data and psychological variables which include the Big-5 personality traits of the user to generate a profile containing preferred musical parameters. The method and system categorize music based on different dimensions and compare music with a user generated profile containing preferred music parameters. The method and system may search for additional music across two vectors, parameters that closely resemble the preferred musical parameters, and outlying parameters that extend outside the preferred parameters, in order to locate and present musical recommendations that have similarities to the preferred music of the user, but variable enough to surprise and delight the user.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a text. The method also includes identifying a set of linguistic characteristics contained in the text. The method also includes determining a plurality of time periods in which the text was potentially written based on the set of linguistic characteristics. The method also includes retrieving a set of reference documents for each time period. The method also includes producing a set of proximity scores by performing a set of proximity checks using the set of linguistic characteristics, the set of reference documents, and the text, where the proximity checks analyze how often and how close linguistic characteristics are to one another. The method also includes ranking the plurality of time periods based on the set of proximity scores and returning a set of one or more ranked time periods of the plurality of time periods.

Abstract: A system, a method, and a computer program product for managing questioning in a Question and Answering (QA) system are disclosed. An input question received by the QA system is analyzed to determine the set of answer-types. A set of answer-types is determined. Prompting for clarifying data associated with the input question happens. A set of candidate answers of the answer-type is determined. The clarifying data is used to determine the set of candidate answers. At least one candidate answer of the set of candidate answers of the answer-type is provided.

Abstract: A system, a method, and a computer program product for managing questioning in a Question and Answering (QA) system are disclosed. An input question received by the QA system is analyzed to determine the set of answer-types. A set of answer-types is determined. Prompting for clarifying data associated with the input question happens. A set of candidate answers of the answer-type is determined. The clarifying data is used to determine the set of candidate answers. At least one candidate answer of the set of candidate answers of the answer-type is provided.