Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to systems and methods for carbonating a liquid at ambient temperature. The system may include a liquid source; a carbon dioxide source; and a contactor for carbonating the liquid. The contactor may include channels and a sparge for carbonating liquid flowing through the channels. The system may produce a liquid having high levels of carbonation at ambient temperature. The sparge may generate microbubbles or nanobubbles to allow for cost-effective carbonation at ambient temperatures. The bubbles may have an average diameter of 100 ?m or less. The system may carbonate liquid at a rate of 1 gram to 10 grams carbon dioxide per liter.

Abstract: Systems and methods for mixing and/or reconstituting drugs are presented. A system may include an injection device, a vial, a needle, and a base station. The device has a chamber containing a first material. The vial has a chamber containing a second material. A drive unit of the base station moves the vial and/or the housing of the device relative to each other into an activated position. In the activated position, the needle is fluidly connected with the vial's chamber, and the drive unit is connected to a driver that moves the plunger in the axial direction of the device such that during fluid connection of the needle with the vial's chamber the first material is expelled from the device's chamber into the vial's chamber or the second material is expelled from the vial's chamber into the device's chamber.

Abstract: Systems and methods for mixing and/or reconstituting drugs are presented. A system may include an injection device, a vial, a needle, and a base station. The device has a chamber containing a first material. The vial has a chamber containing a second material. A drive unit of the base station moves the vial and/or the housing of the device relative to each other into an activated position. In the activated position, the needle is fluidly connected with the vial's chamber, and the drive unit is connected to a driver that moves the plunger in the axial direction of the device such that during fluid connection of the needle with the vial's chamber the first material is expelled from the device's chamber into the vial's chamber or the second material is expelled from the vial's chamber into the device's chamber.

Abstract: This invention provides a redox fuel cell comprising an anode and a cathode separated by an ion selective polymer electrolyte membrane; means for supplying a fuel to the anode region of the cell; means for supplying an oxidant to the cathode region of the cell; means for providing an electrical circuit between the anode and the cathode; a non-volatile catholyte solution flowing fluid communication with the cathode, the catholyte solution comprising a polyoxometallate redox couple being at least partially reduced at the cathode in operation of the cell, and at least partially re-generated by reaction with the oxidant after such reduction at the cathode, the catholyte solution comprising at least one counterion for the polyoxometallate redox couple wherein the at least one counterion comprises one or more divalent ions.

Abstract: This invention provides a redox fuel cell comprising an anode and a cathode separated by an ion selective polymer electrolyte membrane; means for supplying a fuel to the anode region of the cell; means for supplying an oxidant to the cathode region of the cell; means for providing an electrical circuit between the anode and the cathode; a non-volatile catholyte solution flowing fluid communication with the cathode, the catholyte solution comprising a polyoxometallate redox couple being at least partially reduced at the cathode in operation of the cell, and at least partially re-generated by reaction with the oxidant after such reduction at the cathode, the catholyte solution comprising at least about 0.075M of the said polyoxometallate.

Abstract: This invention provides a redox fuel cell comprising an anode and a cathode separated by an ion selective polymer electrolyte membrane; means for supplying a fuel to the anode region of the cell; means for supplying an oxidant to the cathode region of the cell; means for providing an electrical circuit between the anode and the cathode; a non-volatile catholyte solution flowing fluid communication with the cathode, the catholyte solution comprising a polyoxometallate redox couple being at least partially reduced at the cathode in operation of the cell, and at least partially re-generated by reaction with the oxidant after such reduction at the cathode, the catholyte solution comprising at least one counterion for the polyoxometallate redox couple wherein the at least one counterion comprises one or more divalent ions.

Abstract: This invention provides a redox fuel cell comprising an anode and a cathode separated by an ion selective polymer electrolyte membrane; means for supplying a fuel to the anode region of the cell; means for supplying an oxidant to the cathode region of the cell; means for providing an electrical circuit between the anode and the cathode; a non-volatile catholyte solution flowing fluid communication with the cathode, the catholyte solution comprising a polyoxometallate redox couple being at least partially reduced at the cathode in operation of the cell, and at least partially re-generated by reaction with the oxidant after such reduction at the cathode, the catholyte solution comprising at least about 0.075M of the said polyoxometallate.