Abstract: A process for the conversion of aldehydes to esters, specifically acrolein or methacrolein to methyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate, respectively. Essentially in the absence of water, an aldehyde is contacted with an oxidizing agent to form an intermediate and then the intermediate is contacted with a diol or an alcohol to form an ester or diester. Preferably, the oxidizing agent is also a chlorinating agent. Specifically, acrolein or methacrolein is contacted with an oxidizing/chlorinating agent, such as t-butyl hypochlorite, and the chlorinated compound is contacted with an alcohol, such as methanol, to form methyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate, respectively. Generally, the order of addition is for the oxidizing agent to be added to the aldehyde, specifically for t-butyl hypochlorite to be added to acrolein or methacrolein, and for the diol or alcohol to be added to the intermediate, specifically for the methanol to be added to the reaction product of acrolein or methacrolein and t-butyl hypochlorite.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of aldehydes to esters, specifically acrolein or methacrolein to methyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate, respectively. Essentially in the absence of water, an aldehyde is contacted with an oxidizing agent to form an intermediate and then the intermediate is contacted with a diol or an alcohol to form an ester or diester. Preferably, the oxidizing agent is also a chlorinating agent. Specifically, acrolein or methacrolein is contacted with an oxidizing/chlorinating agent, such as t-butyl hypochlorite, and the chlorinated compound is contacted with an alcohol, such as methanol, to form methyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate, respectively. Generally, the order of addition is for the oxidizing agent to be added to the aldehyde, specifically for t-butyl hypochlorite to be added to acrolein or methacrolein, and for the diol or alcohol to be added to the intermediate, specifically for the methanol to be added to the reaction product of acrolein or methacrolein and t-butyl hypochlorite.

Abstract: Epoxy-containing compounds which are essentially free of organic halides are prepared by (I) reacting an allyl derivative of an active hydrogen-containing compound with (II) a peroxygen-containing compound. The epoxy-containing compounds are useful in coatings, castings, laminates etc.

Abstract: Epoxy-containing compounds which are essentially free of organic halides are prepared by (I) reacting an allyl derivative of an active hydrogen-containing compound with (II) a peroxygen-containing compound. The epoxy-containing compounds are useful in coatings, castings, laminates etc.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for producing (-) 2-substituted-ornithines comprising contacting a 2-substituted-piperidone with L-.alpha.-E-aminocaprolactam-hydrolas in the presence of a divalent cation.

Abstract: Glycidyl esters are prepared by reacting a compound containing one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester groups with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of tungstic acid, phosphoric acid and a phase transfer catalyst, optionally in the presence of one or more solvents.

Abstract: Included are novel perhydro-s-triazine derivatives, tentacular-perhydro-s-triazines. For example, 1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-(2H,4H,6H)triethanol dioleate; 1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-(2H,4H,6H)triethanethiol trioleate; and 1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-(2H,4H,6H)tris(morpholinoethane) are included. The derivatives are corrosion inhibitors for metals. the compounds may also be used as emulsifiers, lubricants and hydraulic fluids.

Abstract: A one step process for the preparation of certain cyanomethyl carboxylates is disclosed which comprises reacting an appropriate acyl compound with a water soluble metal cyanide such as sodium cyanide or potassium cyanide and an aldehyde such as formaldehyde, acetaldehye, or benzaldehyde. Also disclosed is a method for inhibiting bacteria by contacting said bacteria or habitat thereof with an effective amount of an antibacterial cyanomethyl carboxylate.

Abstract: A one step process for the preparation of certain cyanomethyl carboxylates is disclosed which comprises reacting an appropriate acyl compound with a water soluble metal cyanide such as sodium cyanide or potassium cyanide and an aldehyde such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, or benzaldehyde. Also disclosed is a method for inhibiting bacteria by contacting said bacteria or habitat thereof with an effective amount of an antibacterial cyanomethyl carboxylate.

Abstract: Fatty acid ester derivatives of 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyalkyl)perhydro-s-triazine or mixed ester/ether derivatives thereof are corrosion inhibitors for acid-containing fluids. The compounds are also useful as emulsifiers, lubricants and hydraulic fluids.

Abstract: The present application is directed to a process for preparing cyano(6-(substituted phenoxy)-2-pyridinyl)methyl esters of 3-(2,2-dihaloethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acids wherein an appropriate 6-(substituted phenoxy)picolinaldehyde is reacted with a 3-(2,2-dihaloethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid anhydride or halide in the presence of an aqueous alkali metal cyanide and an organic solvent.

Abstract: Aromatic aldehydes are formed by the liquid phase reaction of molecular oxygen with methyl-substituted aromatic compounds in the presence of base, a cobalt, manganese, chromium or nickel salt catalyst and an easily removable amine.

Abstract: Aromatic aldehydes are formed by the liquid phase reaction of molecular oxygen with methyl-substituted aromatic compounds in the presence of base, a cobalt, manganese, chromium or nickel salt catalyst and activated charcoal.

Abstract: The novel compounds of this invention are pyridinyl cyano carbonates corresponding to the formula ##STR1## wherein: R is alkyl or aryl of up to 20 carbons;X is hydrogen, halo, cyano, nitro, R or OR; andn is 1, 2, 3 or 4.

Abstract: Disclosed as a novel compound is cyano-(4-cyanophenyl)methyl ethyl ester of carbonic acid. This compound has utility as an agent for selective control of barnyard grass.

Abstract: Disclosed as a novel compound is cyano-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl ethyl ester of carbonic acid. This compound has utility as a nematocide.

Abstract: N-substituted perhydro-s-triazine compounds can be used to increase the solubility of alkali or alkaline earth metal salts in an organic medium. Increasing the solubility of such salts catalyzes the reaction between the salts and other components of the organic medium. For example, 5 percent of a tris(n-octylpolyoxyethylene)-N,N',N"-perhydro-s-triazine compound catalyzes the reaction between sodium iodide and n-octyl bromide at 80.degree. C. for 1 hour to form 100 percent yield of n-octyl iodide.

Abstract: N-substituted perhydro-s-triazine compounds can be used to increase the solubility of alkali or alkaline earth metal salts in an organic medium. Increasing the solubility of such salts catalyzes the reaction between the salts and other components of the organic medium. For example, 5 percent of a tris(n-octylpolyoxyethylene)-N,N',N"-perhydro-3-triazine compound catalyzes the reaction between sodium iodide and n-octyl bromide at 80.degree. C. for 1 hour to form 100 percent yield of n-octyl iodide.

Abstract: The title compounds are of the formula P --O--R--.sub.n R').sub.mwherein:P is a polymer matrix of sufficient structure and molecular weight so as to be substantially water- and hydrocarbon-insoluble;R is --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O--, ##STR1## --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O- or a combination thereof; R' is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or inertly-substituted hydrocarbyl;n is an integer of 3 to about 40; andm is a real number such that the weight percent of --O--R--.sub.n R') groups is at least about 1 percent of the total weight of the compound.A representative example of these compounds is the reaction product of a poly(ethyleneglycol ether) having a weight average molecular weight of about 300 and a chloromethylated polystyrene resin. These polymer-supported poly (alkyleneglycol ethers) are useful phase-transfer catalysts for a wide variety of reactions, such as alkylation, displacement and carbene formation.

Abstract: This invention provides novel .beta.-lactam precursors of known and novel microbiologically active penicillins and cephalosporins and to a process for making the .beta.-lactam precursors from a L-cysteinylvaline dipeptide or a polypeptide containing the L-cysteine with other amino acids. The .beta.-lactam precursors are represented by the Formula I. ##STR1## wherein Z is ##STR2## and wherein R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are defined herein. When Z has the structure of Formula A, the .beta.-lactam is a precursor for cephalosporins. When Z has the structure of either Formula B or Formula C, the .beta.-lactam is a precursor for a penicillin.