Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the ammoxidation of paraffins having 3-5 C atoms using a complex metal oxide catalyst having the ingredients and the proportions which are represented by the following empirical formula:VSb.sub.m P.sub.n A.sub.a B.sub.b C.sub.c T.sub.t O.sub.xwhereA is one or more of W, Wn, Mo, B and Ge;B is one or more of Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Se, Te, Pb and As;C is one or more of an alkali metal and TlT is one or more of Ca, Sr and Baand where m is greater than 1 and up to 10; n is greater than zero and up to 10, a is 0-10; b is 0-3; c is 0-1; t is 0-1; a is equal to or less than m; b is equal to or less than m; n is equal to or less than m; and wherein the antimony has an average valency higher than +3 and the vanadium has an average valency lower than +5, and the catalyst and how to make the catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is making a particular inorganic crystalline vanadium III oxidic compound from a pentavalent vanadium compound and at least one other or more metal cations, which process comprises (1) reducing a pentavalent vanadium oxidic compound to the V.sup.III state by heating at 100.degree. C. or less an aqueous medium slurry or solution of said pentavalent compound containing a reducing agent selected from hydrazine and hydrocarbylhydrazine, (2) providing in said aqueous medium, either before, during or after said reducing step, said other metal cation(s) in solution in the ratio called for by said particular crystalline compound, (3) removing the liquid aqueous medium, and (4) calcining the resulting dry solid at a temperature in the range from 400.degree. to 800.degree. C. in an inert atmosphere.Also disclosed is the vapor phase catalytic dehydrogenation of paraffins using certain spinels and perovskites as catalysts.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making an active and abrasion resistant catalyst composition comprising at least 5 weight percent alumina support and at most 95 percent of a complex oxide composition having the empirical formula:VSb.sub.m A.sub.a H.sub.b C.sub.c O.sub.x,whereA is one or more of W, Sn, Mo, B, P and Ge;H is one or more of Cu, Ag, Nb, Ta, Ti, Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Pb, Mn, Zn, Se, Te, Ga, In and As;C is one or more of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and rare earths; andwhere m is from 0.01 and up to 20; a is 0-10; b is 0-20; c is 0-20 (usually 0-1); the ratio (a+b+c):(1+m) is 0.01-6; wherein x is determined by the oxidation state of the other elements, which method comprises mixing a hydrosol or gel of boehmite with a slurry or solution containing the other batch materials containing the elements of said formula, and thereafter drying and calcining the resultant solid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for ammoxidation of paraffins containing 3-5 C atoms using a complex metal oxide catalyst which is essentially free of bismuth, and has the elements and the proportions which are represented by the following empirical formula:VSb.sub.m P.sub.n A.sub.a D.sub.b C.sub.c O.sub.xwhereA is one of more of W, Sn, B, Mo and As;D is one or more of Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, Se, Te and As;C is one or more of an alkali metal, Ca, Sr, Ba, T1 and where m is greater than 1 and up to 20; n is 0-10; a is 0.2-10; b is 0-5; c is 0-1; a is equal to or less than m; b is equal to or less than m; wherein x is determined by oxidation state of the other elements present, and wherein the antimony has an average valency higher than +3 and the vanadium has an average valency lower than +5, wherein A includes at least 0.2 atoms of W, crystalline Sb.sub.2 O.sub.4 is present in said catalyst, and wherein the foregoing catalyst is on a specified inorganic oxide support material.

Abstract: The vapor phase dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons is achieved with a spinel of the formula AV.sub.2-x C.sub.x O.sub.4 where A is a bivalent metal, V is vanadium substantially in +3 oxidation state, C is a trivalent metal, or with a crystalline perovskite DV.sub.1-y C.sub.y O.sub.3 where D is one or more of Y, the rare earths and Bi, and V is again vanadium in +3 oxidation state.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for ammoxidation of paraffins containing 2-5 C atoms over a vanadium-antimony oxide catalyst, the catalyst, and a precursor slurry for making such catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel vapor phase process for the production of unsaturated acids and esters, such as acrylic acid and methyl acrylate, by reacting a primary alcohol with a saturated monocarboxylic acid, ester, or anhydride in the presence of oxygen over a solid catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is making an inorganic crystalline vanadium III oxidic compound from a pentavalent vanadium compound, which process comprises (1) reducing a pentavalent vanadium oxidic compound to substantially the V.sup.III state by heating at 100.degree. C. or less an aqueous medium slurry or solution of said pentavalent compound containing a reducing agent selected from hydrazine and hydrocarbylhydrazine, (2) providing in said aqueous medium, either before, during or after said reducing step, other metal cations in solution in the ratio called for by the desired crystalline compound, (3) removing the liquid aqueous medium, and (4) calcining the resulting dry solid at a temperature in the range from 400.degree. to 800.degree. C. in an inert atmosphere.Also disclosed is the vapor phase catalytic dehydrogenation of paraffins using certain spinels and perovskites as catalysts.

Abstract: Iron-bismuth-molybdate catalysts further containing specific promoter elements have been found to exhibit excellent redox stability even under high stress conditions in the catalytic oxidation of olefins to unsaturated aldehydes and acids.

Abstract: Aryl ethers, e.g., cumylmethylether and anisole, are particularly effective additives for improving the octane number of motor fuels. These aryl ethers are especially useful in increasing the octane number of unleaded gasolines.

Abstract: Vanadium-antimony catalysts have been found to be effective for the vapor phase condensation of saturated monocarboxylic acids or esters with formaldehyde, to produce unsaturated carboxylic acids or esters.

Abstract: Promoted phosphate catalysts have been found to be effective for the vapor phase condensation of saturated monocarboxylic acids or esters with formaldehyde, to produce unsaturated carboxylic acids or esters.

Abstract: Oxide complexes comprising copper-promoted antimony phosphates have been found to exhibit significant catalytic activity in various oxidation-type reactions such as the ammoxidation of propylene to produce acrylonitrile.

Abstract: Molybdenum-promoted antimony phosphates also containing at least one of tellurium and bismuth have been found to exhibit significant catalytic activity in various oxidation-type reactions.

Abstract: The present invention is a homogeneous liquid phase process for the preparation of methyl-t-butyl ether by reacting isobutylene and methanol in the presence of a heteropoly acid of molybdenum, tungsten or vanadium. Other tertiary ethers may be obtained by substituting a different tertiary olefin for isobutylene, e.g. t-amyl methyl ether from 2-methylbutene-2 and methanol.