Abstract: An intervertebral scaffolding system is provided having a laterovertically-expanding frame operable for a reversible collapse from an expanded state into a collapsed state, the laterovertically-expanding frame having a stabilizer, one or more tensioners, or a combination of the stabilizer with one or more tensioners. The stabilizer slidably engages with the distal region of the laterovertically-expanding frame and both the stabilizer and the one or more tensioners are configured for retaining the laterovertically-expanding frame from a lateral movement that exceeds the expanded state. The expanded state, for example, can be configured to have an open graft distribution window that at least substantially closes upon the reversible collapse.

Abstract: An intervertebral scaffolding system is provided having an expandable frame operable for a reversible collapse from an expanded state into a collapsed state, the expandable frame having a stabilizer, one or more tensioners, or a combination of the stabilizer with one or more tensioners. The stabilizer slidably engages with the distal region of the expandable frame and both the stabilizer and the one or more tensioners are configured for retaining the expandable frame from a lateral movement that exceeds the expanded state, and the stabilizer can include a locking element that engages with the expansion member to lock the expansion member to the stabilizer when the expansion member is fully inserted into the frame. The expanded state, for example, can be configured to have an open graft distribution window that at least substantially closes upon the reversible collapse.

Abstract: An intervertebral scaffolding system is provided having an expandable frame operable for a reversible collapse from an expanded state into a collapsed state, the expandable frame having a stabilizer, one or more tensioners, or a combination of the stabilizer with one or more tensioners. The stabilizer slidably engages with the distal region of the expandable frame and both the stabilizer and the one or more tensioners are configured for retaining the expandable frame from a lateral movement that exceeds the expanded state, and the stabilizer can include a locking element that engages with the expansion member to lock the expansion member to the stabilizer when the expansion member is fully inserted into the frame. The expanded state, for example, can be configured to have an open graft distribution window that at least substantially closes upon the reversible collapse.

Abstract: An intervertebral scaffolding system is provided having a laterovertically-expanding frame operable for a reversible collapse from an expanded state into a collapsed state, the laterovertically-expanding frame having a stabilizer, one or more tensioners, or a combination of the stabilizer with one or more tensioners. The stabilizer slidably engages with the distal region of the laterovertically-expanding frame and both the stabilizer and the one or more tensioners are configured for retaining the laterovertically-expanding frame from a lateral movement that exceeds the expanded state, and the stabilizer can include a locking element that engages with the expansion member to lock the expansion member to the stabilizer when the expansion member is fully inserted into the frame. The expanded state, for example, can be configured to have an open graft distribution window that at least substantially closes upon the reversible collapse.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a pressurized atmosphere to a patient including one or more flat sheets of plastic arranged in an envelope and sealed around the periphery to form an airtight container. The helmet has an airtight collar that is configured to accommodate a patient's neck and form an airtight seal. An intake port is integrated into the helmet and receives pressurized air. An exhaust port is integrated into the helmet near the patient's mouth when the helmet is in use. Additional ports can be added to the helmet to provide more functionality such as feeding or supplemental oxygen.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a pressurized atmosphere to a patient including one or more flat sheets of plastic arranged in an envelope and sealed around the periphery to form an airtight container. The helmet has an airtight collar that is configured to accommodate a patient's neck and form an airtight seal. An intake port is integrated into the helmet and receives pressurized air. An exhaust port is integrated into the helmet near the patient's mouth when the helmet is in use. Additional ports can be added to the helmet to provide more functionality such as feeding or supplemental oxygen.

Abstract: An intervertebral scaffolding system is provided having a laterovertically-expanding frame operable for a reversible collapse from an expanded state into a collapsed state, the laterovertically-expanding frame having a stabilizer, one or more tensioners, or a combination of the stabilizer with one or more tensioners. The stabilizer slidably engages with the distal region of the laterovertically-expanding frame and both the stabilizer and the one or more tensioners are configured for retaining the laterovertically-expanding frame from a lateral movement that exceeds the expanded state, and the stabilizer can include a locking element that engages with the expansion member to lock the expansion member to the stabilizer when the expansion member is fully inserted into the frame. The expanded state, for example, can be configured to have an open graft distribution window that at least substantially closes upon the reversible collapse.

Abstract: An intervertebral scaffolding system is provided having a laterovertically-expanding frame operable for a reversible collapse from an expanded state into a collapsed state, the laterovertically-expanding frame having a stabilizer, one or more tensioners, or a combination of the stabilizer with one or more tensioners. The stabilizer slidably engages with the distal region of the laterovertically-expanding frame and both the stabilizer and the one or more tensioners are configured for retaining the laterovertically-expanding frame from a lateral movement that exceeds the expanded state, and the stabilizer can include a locking element that engages with the expansion member to lock the expansion member to the stabilizer when the expansion member is fully inserted into the frame. The expanded state, for example, can be configured to have an open graft distribution window that at least substantially closes upon the reversible collapse.

Abstract: An intervertebral scaffolding system is provided having a laterovertically-expanding frame operable for a reversible collapse from an expanded state into a collapsed state, the laterovertically-expanding frame having a stabilizer, one or more tensioners, or a combination of the stabilizer with one or more tensioners. The stabilizer slidably engages with the distal region of the laterovertically-expanding frame and both the stabilizer and the one or more tensioners are configured for retaining the laterovertically-expanding frame from a lateral movement that exceeds the expanded state, and the stabilizer can include a locking element that engages with the expansion member to lock the expansion member to the stabilizer when the expansion member is fully inserted into the frame. The expanded state, for example, can be configured to have an open graft distribution window that at least substantially closes upon the reversible collapse.

Abstract: An anterior cervical retractor comprises a first medial-lateral retractor body having a base arm and a moving arm and a pair of retractor blades. The retractor blades may be side loading or top loading. The cervical retractor comprises a second cranial-caudal retractor body having a pair of moving arms and a pair of retractor blades. The retractor blades may have an adjustable angulation. The retractor blades may also be fixed to the spine and provide distraction upon operation of the second retractor body. The blades of the first retractor body and/or the second retractor body may be coupled to light elements that illuminate the operative corridor between the blades.

Abstract: An anterior cervical retractor comprises a retractor body having a base arm and a moving arm and a pair of retractor blades having a side loading blade and a top loading blade. The base arm includes a first track and a side loading connector. The first track extends perpendicularly from a proximal end of the base arm and the first track includes an articulating arm post and a gear teeth. The moving arm is located opposite to the base arm and includes a first track receptacle and a top loading connector. The moving arm is advanced along the first track by means of a knob extending from the base arm. The side loading blade includes a first blade portion and a first connection post and the top loading blade includes a second blade portion and a second connection post.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for maintaining a continuous connection for the instantaneous transmission of audio/visual content between end points on a packet-based network. After a communication link is initially established between two end points connected to the network, the communication link is maintained on a continuous basis so that audio/visual content can be instantaneously transmitted from a source end point to a destination end point or end points when a user desires to communicate with the destination end point. The communication link is continuously maintained by various methods including across the packet-based network by transmitting signaling information between the end points that signifies that the communication link should be kept open and alive.

Abstract: A computer system capable of administering a search engine program with a marketing component, which includes at least one client device operatively connected to a host server through a communication network to communicate data between the client device and the host server. The marketing component includes free or discounted access to an application program that provides various services in exchange for the user's agreement to use the search engine program as a primary search engine.