Abstract: Provided herein are methods of differentiating tumor and non-tumor origin nucleic acid variants in cell-free nucleic acid (cfNA) samples. Certain of these methods include generating a tumor variant dataset comprising a population of reference tumor-related genetic variants in which the tumor variant dataset comprises frequency of observance data among reference samples that comprises reference bodily fluid (e.g., plasma) samples and reference non-bodily fluid (e.g., non-plasma) samples for tumor-related genetic variants in the population of reference tumor-related genetic variants and determining ratios of the frequency of observance data between the reference samples for tumor-related genetic variants in the population of reference tumor-related genetic variants to produce a relative prevalence dataset. Additional methods and related systems and computer readable media are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to methods for introducing mutations that alter the probability of intranucleic acid base pairing of a conserved structured nucleotide in a nucleic acid. The present invention also provide methods for making mutant pathogenic organisms suitable as live attenuated vaccines, animal and human diagnostics, and for identifying suitable drug targets.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to methods for introducing mutations that alter the probability of intranucleic acid base pairing of a conserved structured nucleotide in a nucleic acid. The present invention also provide methods for making mutant pathogenic organisms suitable as live attenuated vaccines, animal and human diagnostics, and for identifying suitable drug targets.

Abstract: The number of citations in scientific papers referencing an individual scientist plays a key role in their professional life and in scientific communities. Today's exponentially growing number of scientific publications makes it nearly impossible for authors to reflect all papers that may deserve citations. Often, authors learn about a paper they would have cited only after their work is published, and the situation cannot be corrected. We have invented a method which allows authors to appropriately reference the work of others by enabling the addition of citations to papers which have already been published. This method is implemented via the Internet system and contains one or more of the following elements: Post-Publication Citation List, Citations Under Discussion List, Non-Citators List, and a system enabling dialog between parties.