Abstract: An apparatus for carrying out a chemical reaction in a process fluid includes a reactor comprising one or more reaction tubes which have a number of electrically heatable tube segments which are connected to one another by an electrically conductive star bridge, and at least one power source configured to provide a multiphase alternating current with N phases to N phase lines at a predetermined voltage. N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. For each of the at least one power source, a number of power connections is provided, each of which is connected to at least one of the tube segments and to one of the phase lines of the power source. In the at least one power source, a star point is formed at which the phase lines of the power source are connected, wherein the star point is not connected to a ground connection.

Abstract: A method for regulatedly carrying out a chemical reaction in a reactor having reaction tubes which have a number of electrically heatable tube sections, wherein power connections are provided, which are each connected to at least one of the tube sections, wherein at least one connecting element is provided and each of the tube sections is connected to the connecting element. The method comprises conducting a process fluid through the one or more reaction tubes, providing several variable voltages at the several power connections, wherein the several voltages are provided as phases of a multiphase AC voltage so that the at least one connecting element forms a star point, setting the one or more voltages; detecting one or more measured values corresponding to one or more measured variables; changing the several set voltages so that the detected measured values correspond to predetermined values or value ranges of the measured variables.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a plant (110) for producing reaction products. The plant (110) comprises at least a preheater (114). The plant (110) comprises at least one raw material supply (118) which is adapted for supplying at least one raw material to the preheater (114). The preheater (114) is adapted for preheating the raw material to a predetermined temperature. The plant (110) comprises at least one electrically heatable reactor (122). The electrically heatable reactor (122) is adapted for at least partially converting the preheated raw material into reaction products and byproducts. The plant (110) comprises at least one heat integration apparatus (132) which is adapted for at least partially supplying the byproducts to the preheater (114). The preheater (114) is adapted for at least partially utilizing energy required for preheating the raw material from the byproducts.

Abstract: Proposed is a device (110) comprising at least one pipeline (112) for receiving at least one feedstock. The device (110) has at least one current-conducting medium (129). The device (110) has at least one current or voltage source (126) which is configured to generate an electrical current in the current-conducting medium (129), which heats the pipeline (112) by means of Joule heating which is produced when the electrical current passes through the current-conducting medium (129).

Abstract: A reactor has a reactor vessel and a reaction tube. Tube sections of the reaction tube run inside the reactor vessel. The tube sections are each electrically connectable to a current connection in a current feed region. Current feed arrangements are arranged in the current feed region to which in each case one or one group of the tube sections is electrically connected. Each current feed arrangement has a first and a second section, the first section extending along a longitudinal axis starting from the respective or group of tube section(s). The first section at least partially surrounds the second section or the second section surrounds the first section in a sleeve-like manner. The first and second sections each have contact surfaces arranged obliquely to the longitudinal axis. The current feed arrangements each extend through a wall of the reactor vessel.

Abstract: A reactor has a reactor vessel and one or more reaction tubes. One or more power input elements are guided into the reactor vessel for the electrical heating of the reaction tube(s). The one or more power input elements each have a rod-shaped section, and the rod-shaped section(s) each run in a respective wall passage through a wall of the reactor vessel. A connection chamber into which the rod-shaped section(s) project is arranged outside the reactor vessel and adjacent to the wall of the reactor vessel through which the rod-shaped section(s) run in their wall passages. Gas feed means apply an inerting gas to the connection chamber, and the wall passages with the rod-shaped sections received therein in a longitudinally-movable manner are designed to be gas-permeable so that at least a portion of the inerting gas fed into the connection chamber flows out into the reactor vessel.

Abstract: A reactor for carrying out a chemical reaction has a reactor vessel, one or more reaction tubes and means for the electrical heating of the one or more reaction tubes. The reactor vessel has one or more discharge orifices which are permanently open or are set up to open above a preset pressure level, and gas feed means are provided, which are set up to feed an inerting gas into an interior of the reactor vessel.

Abstract: A reactor includes a reactor vessel and one or more reaction tubes A number of tube sections of the one or more reaction tubes in each case run between a first region and a second region in the reactor vessel. For the electrical heating of the tube sections, the tube sections in the first region can be electrically connected to (a) current connection(s) of a current source. In the first region, current feed arrangements are provided; in each case one or in each case one group of the tube sections are electrically connected, and each comprise (a) contact passage(s) that in each case adjoin(s) at least one of the tube sections in the first region. A wall of the contact passages in each case is connected to a current feed element that has a rod-shaped section that runs at a wall passage through a wall of the reactor vessel.

Abstract: A reactor for carrying out a chemical reaction, which has a reactor vessel and one or more reaction tubes, wherein power input elements for electrical heating of the reaction tube(s) are guided into the reactor vessel. It is provided that the power input elements each have a rod-shaped section that, in each case, runs at a wall passage through a wall of the reactor vessel in such a way that a connection chamber into which the rod-shaped sections project is arranged outside the reactor vessel and adjacently to the wall of the reactor vessel through which the rod-shaped sections run at their wall passages, and that cooling panels through which a cooling fluid can flow are provided in the connection chamber and are arranged between at least two or between at least two groups of the rod-shaped sections that project into the connection chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus (100) for heating a fluid is proposed.

Abstract: A device (110) for heating a fluid is proposed. The device comprises at least one electrically conductive pipeline (112) and/or at least one electrically conductive pipeline segment (114) for receiving the fluid, and at least one DC current and/or DC voltage source (126), wherein respectively one DC current or DC voltage source (126) is assigned to each pipeline (112) and/or each pipeline segment (114), said DC current and/or DC voltage source being connected to the respective pipeline (112) and/or the respective pipeline segment (114), wherein the respective DC current and/or DC voltage source (126) is embodied to produce an electric current in the respective pipeline (112) and/or in the respective pipeline segment (114), said electric current warming up the respective pipeline (112) and/or the respective pipeline segment (114) by Joule heating, which arises when the electric current passes through conductive pipe material, for the purposes of heating the fluid.

Abstract: A device for determining a density of a fluid including a mechanical resonator, a driver/receiver unit arranged to provide an actuation to the mechanical resonator, sense a response of the mechanical resonator to the actuation, and provide an output signal representing the response; and an evaluation unit. The evaluation unit of the device is arranged to determine an oscillation distribution from the output signal, determine a resonance frequency estimate from the oscillation distribution, and determine the density of the fluid based upon the resonance frequency estimate. The device enables a more accurate determination of the fluid density for fluids including immiscible components (thus forming a heterogeneous mixture), like a water-oil emulsion, or a fluid with occluded gas.

Abstract: A device and a method for determining a flow velocity of a fluid or a fluid component in a pipeline is described. The device comprises a transmitter adapted to be placed inside the pipeline and arranged to transmit an ultrasound signal into the fluid or fluid component in a first direction; a receiver adapted to be placed inside the pipeline and arranged to receive a dispersed ultrasound signal, generated by dispersion of the ultrasound signal by the fluid or the fluid component in a second direction, the second direction being different from the first direction, and to provide a receiver signal representing the dispersed ultrasound signal; and, a processing unit arranged to receive said receiver signal and to determine a frequency difference between the transmitted ultrasound signal and the dispersed ultrasound signal and determining the flow velocity of the fluid or the fluid component based on said difference.

Abstract: A device and a method for determining a flow velocity of a fluid or a fluid component in a pipeline is described. The device comprises a transmitter adapted to be placed inside the pipeline and arranged to transmit an ultrasound signal into the fluid or fluid component in a first direction; a receiver adapted to be placed inside the pipeline and arranged to receive a dispersed ultrasound signal, generated by dispersion of the ultrasound signal by the fluid or the fluid component in a second direction, the second direction being different from the first direction, and to provide a receiver signal representing the dispersed ultrasound signal; and, a processing unit arranged to receive said receiver signal and to determine a frequency difference between the transmitted ultrasound signal and the dispersed ultrasound signal and determining the flow velocity of the fluid or the fluid component based on said difference.

Abstract: A device for determining a density of a fluid including a mechanical resonator, a driver/receiver unit arranged to provide an actuation to the mechanical resonator, sense a response of the mechanical resonator to the actuation, and provide an output signal representing the response; and an evaluation unit. The evaluation unit of the device is arranged to determine an oscillation distribution from the output signal, determine a resonance frequency estimate from the oscillation distribution, and determine the density of the fluid based upon the resonance frequency estimate. The device enables a more accurate determination of the fluid density for fluids including immiscible components (thus forming a heterogeneous mixture), like a water-oil emulsion, or a fluid with occluded gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a device for measuring volume flow rates of liquid phase components and gas and determination their volume concentrations in a multiphase mixture along a pipeline. Measurements are executed with an ultrasonic system which includes a set of local acoustic transducers arranged in the interior of the pipeline. Each pair of an emitter and a receiver of the transducer forms a sampling volume of a medium being under control. Volume concentrations of mixture components are determined by timing of passage of acoustic pulses through the sampling volume of the medium. Volume flow rates of the mixture components are calculated by measuring phase velocities and volume concentrations in two pipeline divisions with different cross-section areas located in series at a distance one from the other in flow direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a device for measuring volume flow rates of liquid phase components and gas and determination their volume concentrations in a multiphase mixture along a pipeline. Measurements are executed with an ultrasonic system which includes a set of local acoustic transducers arranged in the interior of the pipeline. Each pair of an emitter and a receiver of the transducer forms a sampling volume of a medium being under control. Volume concentrations of mixture components are determined by timing of passage of acoustic pulses through the sampling volume of the medium. Volume flow rates of the mixture components are calculated by measuring phase velocities and volume concentrations in two pipeline divisions with different cross-section areas located in series at a distance one from the other in flow direction.