Abstract: An assay exhibiting improved sensitivity for achieving a factor of ten times (10×) better sensitivity than current sensitivity levels achieved by prior-art immunoassays, as exemplified by ELISA. Three main implementations are described: IA/MPD, Super-ELISA and Reverse Geometry Immunoassay, including specific panel biomarker relationships for the early detection and recognition patterns of breast and prostate cancers. More sensitive immunoassays are achieved through a better understanding of sources of biological background, and by the rejection of particular sources thereof. Super-sensitive immunoassays permit measurement of blood sample biomarkers, and show distribution of low abundance proteins included relationships between cytokine non-Gaussian distributions, very large dynamic ranges and strong age dependence, and including new algorithms based on 2D correlations of studied biomarkers.

Abstract: For the determination of masses of macromolecular analytes with particular application to DNA sequencing by mass spectroscopy, novel strategies of sample preparation and labeling decrease macromolecule breakage, improve identification of population members, aid attainment of a single charge state for the heterogeneous analyte inputs, and increase the sensitivity of detection of the fractionated macromolecules.