Abstract: The oligomerization of ethylene using a chromium catalyst having a heteroatomic ligand may be used to provide oligomerization products that are selective towards hexene and/or octene. However, such processes also typically produce some polymer as an undesirable by product. The present invention is directed towards improvements in the selective oligomerization of ethylene.

Abstract: The oligomerization of ethylene using a chromium catalyst having a heteroatomic ligand may be used to provide oligomerization products that are selective towards hexene and/or octene. However, such processes also typically produce some polymer as an undesirable by product. The present invention is directed towards improvements in the selective oligomerization of ethylene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the manufacture of an efficient and robust catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation of paraffins to olefins, preferably lower C2-4 paraffins. The present invention provides a process for the preparation of an oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst of C2-4 paraffins to olefins comprising comminuting: from 10 to 99 weight % of a mixed oxide catalyst of the formula VxMoyNbzTemMenOp, wherein Me is a metal selected from the group consisting of Ta, Ti, W, Hf, Zr, Sb and mixtures thereof; with from 90 to 1 weight % of an inert matrix selected from oxides of titanium, zirconia, aluminum, magnesium, yttria, lantana, silica and their mixed compositions or a carbon matrix to produce particles having a size from 1 to 100 microns and forming the resulting particles into pellets having a size from 0.1 to 2 mm.

Abstract: The present invention provides a continuous process for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene using a mixed oxide catalyst supported onto a ceramic membrane by supplying an oxygen containing gas (air or pure oxygen) and pure ethane to the opposite sides of the membrane, so that the paraffin and the oxygen do not directly mix in the reactor.

Abstract: Anode catalysts for conversion of hydrocarbon feeds in solid oxide fuel cell membrane reactors. An anode catalyst may be a mixture of a metal with a metal oxide, for example a mixture of copper or copper-nickel alloy or copper-cobalt alloy with Cr2O3. Mixed oxides can be prepared by dissolving into water soluble salts of the different metals, chelating the metal ions with a chelating agent, neutralizing the solution, removing water by evaporation to form a gel which then is dried, and finally heating the dried gel to form a mixed oxide of the different metals. The chelating agent can be citrate ions, and ammonia can be added to the solution until the pH of the solution is about 8. The mixed oxide so formed then is reduced, for example by hydrogen, to form a composite comprising the metal (Cu, Cu—Co, Cu—Ni) and metal oxide, here Cr2O3.

Abstract: The present invention provides a continuous process for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene using a mixed oxide catalyst supported onto a ceramic membrane by supplying an oxygen containing gas (air or pure oxygen) and pure ethane to the opposite sides of the membrane, so that the paraffin and the oxygen do not directly mix in the reactor.

Abstract: The presence of complexes predominantly of iron and one or more of chromium, nickel and oxygen and mixtures thereof on the surface of a stainless steel exposed to a feed stream containing hydrocarbons at elevated temperatures tends to give rise to decomposition products of the hydrocarbon. The amount of iron complexes may be reduced in situ without stopping the process by adding to the feed stream 0.001 to 1 vol % a silane and optionally from 0 to 500 ppm based on the weight of the feed stream of sulphur or a sulphur containing compound.

Abstract: The oligomerization of ethylene using a chromium catalyst having a heteroatomic ligand may be used to provide oligomerization products that are selective towards hexene and/or octene. However, such processes also typically produce some polymer as an undesirable by product. The present invention is directed towards improvements in the selective oligomerization of ethylene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the manufacture of an efficient and robust catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation of paraffins to olefins, preferably lower C2-4 paraffins. The present invention provides a process for the preparation of an oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst of C2-4 paraffins to olefins comprising comminuting: from 10 to 99 weight % of a mixed oxide catalyst of the formula VxMoyNbzTemMenOp, wherein Me is a metal selected from the group consisting of Ta, Ti, W, Hf, Zr, Sb and mixtures thereof; with from 90 to 1 weight % of an inert matrix selected from oxides of titanium, zirconia, aluminum, magnesium, yttria, lantana, silica and their mixed compositions or a carbon matrix to produce particles having a size from 1 to 100 microns and forming the resulting particles into pellets having a size from 0.1 to 2 mm.

Abstract: Ethylene is selectively oligomerized in a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) that is preferably operated in an isothermal manner using a chromium catalyst. The undesired formation of by-product polyethylene is mitigated by contacting the ethylene with hydrogen prior to adding the ethylene to the reactor and feeding the ethylene and hydrogen via a common feed port.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the oxidative dehydrogenation of a paraffin such as ethane to the corresponding alkene such as ethylene in which the alkane is contacted with a bed of oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst having an enhanced labile oxygen content in the crystal structure on an inert support optionally with a regenerable metallic oxidant composition in the absence of a gaseous feed containing oxygen.

Abstract: The present invention provides a continuous process for the oxidative dehydrogenation of a lower paraffin to a lower olefin, preferably alpha olefin by sequentially providing pulses of an oxygen containing gas, an inert gas, the paraffin, and inert gas in the presence of a catalyst that preferably has the ability to hold and release oxygen, so that the paraffin and the oxygen do not directly mix in the reactor.

Abstract: Anode catalysts for conversion of hydrocarbon feeds in solid oxide fuel cell membrane reactors. An anode catalyst may be a mixture of a metal with a metal oxide, for example a mixture of copper or copper-nickel alloy or copper-cobalt alloy with Cr2O3. Mixed oxides can be prepared by dissolving into water soluble salts of the different metals, chelating the metal ions with a chelating agent, neutralizing the solution, removing water by evaporation to form a gel which then is dried, and finally heating the dried gel to form a mixed oxide of the different metals. The chelating agent can be citrate ions, and ammonia can be added to the solution until the pH of the solution is about 8. The mixed oxide so formed then is reduced, for example by hydrogen, to form a composite comprising the metal (Cu, Cu—Co, Cu—Ni) and metal oxide, here Cr2O3.

Abstract: Lower paraffins may be oxidatively dehydrogenated in the presence of an oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst and one or more reducible metal oxides selected from the group consisting of NiO, Ce2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, Cr2O3, V2O5, WO3, and mixtures thereof optionally with alumina may be dehydrogenated (regenerated) under milder conditions in a safe manner with the oxygen being provided by the metal oxides rather than direct addition of oxygen to the reactor.

Abstract: Alkadienes may be telomerized in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst comprising an alumina or titania support which is modified with one or more ionic complexes of Pd or Pt and activated at a temperature from 450° C. to 850° C. for a time not less than two hours. The resulting telomere may be useful in a number of applications.

Abstract: 1-Ethers may be cracked over untreated ?-alumina having a pore volume of more than 1.0 cc/g and an average pore diameter of more than 150 angstroms (?) at a temperature from 250 to 350° C. and a pressure from 10 to 200 kPa at high conversions and good selectivity to produce the corresponding 1-alkene. The process is particularly useful to produce 1-octene from 1-methoxyoctane.

Abstract: An aromatics/naphthalene rich stream obtained by processing heavy gas oil derived from tar sands and cycle oils derived from cracking heavy gas oil may optionally be blended and subjected to a hydrogenation process and a ring opening reaction typically in the presence of a zeolite, alumina, or silica alumina based catalyst which may contain noble metals and or copper or molybdenum to produce paraffinic feedstocks for further chemical processing.

Abstract: Ethers are cracked to olefins using a gamma-alumina catalyst in the presence of ammonia. The use of ammonia improves the selectivity to linear alpha olefins in comparison to cracking reactions in the absence of ammonia. The use of ammonia is convenient in comparison to known processes which employ alumina which as been treated with an amine. A preferred process produces octene-1 from 1-methoxyoctane.

Abstract: 1-Ethers may be cracked over untreated ?-alumina having a pore volume of more than 1.0 cc/g and an average pore diameter of more than 150 angstroms (?) at a temperature from 250 to 350° C. and a pressure from 10 to 200 kPa at high conversions and good selectivity to produce the corresponding 1-alkene. The process is particularly useful to produce 1-octene from 1-methoxyoctane.

Abstract: High temperature industrial radiant heaters may be improved by coating a refractory or lining in and adjacent to the flame impingement zone which refractory or lining does not transmit fuel to the burner with a metal oxide catalyst or metal oxide catalyst precursor other than iron, iron oxides or mixtures thereof, to promote the burning of one or more of the fuel, and combustion products thereof.