Abstract: A system may include a substrate, and a solar cell including a top side and a bottom side, the top side having an active area and the bottom side coupled to the substrate. A frame may be coupled to the substrate, the frame defining an upper opening above the active area and a lower opening above the active area and between the active area and the upper opening. The lower opening may be smaller than the upper opening in at least one dimension, and an optical element may be disposed within the upper opening. In some aspects, the lower opening is defined by a portion of the frame extending substantially parallel to the top side of the solar cell.