Abstract: An exercise machine comprises a user force input element, a transmission unit, an electric motor, and an electrical circuit connected to the electric motor. The user force input element is connected to the electric motor via the transmission unit such that said electric motor turns at an angular velocity which is different than the velocity or angular velocity of the user force input element. The motor runs as a generator such that when the electric motor is turned, an electrical current is developed in the electrical circuit. The electrical circuit comprises an electrical resistor, a switching element, a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) controller, and a load reference controller.

Abstract: Exercise machine comprising a user force input element, for example a set of bicycle pedals, a transmission unit, an electric motor, and an electrical circuit connected to the electric motor. The user force input element is connected to the electric motor via the transmission unit such that said electric motor turns at an angular velocity which is different than the velocity or angular velocity of the user force input element and the motor runs as a generator such that when the electric motor is turned, an electrical current is developed in the electrical circuit. The electrical circuit comprises an electrical resistor, a switching element, a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) controller, and a load reference controller. The electrical resistor is connected to the electric motor via the switching element such that when the switching element is switched on and off, the electrical resistor is electrically connected and disconnected from the electric motor.