Abstract: A data center includes a wavelength source, a first optical component, a first communications device, and a second communications device. The wavelength source is configured to generate an N-wavelength laser beam. The first port of the first optical component is configured to receive an M-wavelength laser beam from the wavelength source. The second port of the first optical component is configured to send the M-wavelength laser beam to the first communications device. The M-wavelength laser beam includes at least a first-wavelength laser beam. The second port of the first optical component is further configured to receive a modulated first optical signal from the first communications device, the modulated first optical signal is obtained after the first communications device modulates a service signal onto the first-wavelength laser beam. The third port of the first optical component is configured to send the modulated first optical signal to the second communications device.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a DAC configured to convert a digital electrical signal to an analog electrical signal and a laser coupled to the DAC. The laser is configured to generate an optical signal using the analog electrical signal for modulation, the optical signal is a band-multiplexed optical signal comprising frequency bands, the frequency bands comprise a lowest-frequency band, and the lowest-frequency band comprises a baseband IM signal. The laser is configured to transmit the optical signal. A PON comprises an OLT configured to transmit a downstream optical signal, the downstream optical signal is a band-multiplexed optical signal comprising a first band and a second band. The PON includes a first ONU configured to receive the downstream optical signal and equalize only the first band; and a second ONU configured to receive the downstream optical signal and equalize the first band and the second band.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a DAC configured to convert a digital electrical signal to an analog electrical signal and a laser coupled to the DAC. The laser is configured to generate an optical signal using the analog electrical signal for modulation, the optical signal is a band-multiplexed optical signal comprising frequency bands, the frequency bands comprise a lowest-frequency band, and the lowest-frequency band comprises a baseband IM signal. The laser is configured to transmit the optical signal. A PON comprises an OLT configured to transmit a downstream optical signal, the downstream optical signal is a band-multiplexed optical signal comprising a first band and a second band. The PON includes a first ONU configured to receive the downstream optical signal and equalize only the first band; and a second ONU configured to receive the downstream optical signal and equalize the first band and the second band.

Abstract: An integrated coherent receiver that is configured to receive an optical signal and receive a local oscillator (LO) source from a remote location. The integrated coherent receiver is configured to extract phase and frequency information carried by the optical signal using the LO source from the remote location.

Abstract: Metrics are defined and collected for an application. The metrics are organized in hierarchical trees with metrics aggregated at each node in the trees. Each tree represents a different permutation of the metrics. A particular metric may occur in more than one tree. A user interface provides a default drill-down that allows users to jump from one metric to another so that only the most useful information is presented to the user. The default drill-down is defined to provide the user with a best practices method to identify and correct problems or errors in the application. Users may modify the default drill-down path.

Abstract: A data center includes a wavelength source, a first optical component, a first communications device, and a second communications device. The wavelength source is configured to generate an N-wavelength laser beam. The first port of the first optical component is configured to receive an M-wavelength laser beam from the wavelength source. The second port of the first optical component is configured to send the M-wavelength laser beam to the first communications device. The M-wavelength laser beam includes at least a first-wavelength laser beam. The second port of the first optical component is further configured to receive a modulated first optical signal from the first communications device, the modulated first optical signal is obtained after the first communications device modulates a service signal onto the first-wavelength laser beam. The third port of the first optical component is configured to send the modulated first optical signal to the second communications device.

Abstract: An all-optical network comprises: a first network; a second network; and a PWXC coupling the first network to the second network and comprising passive optical components. A method comprises: receiving a first optical signal from a first tail node of a first network; directing the first optical signal from a first input port of a PWXC to a first output port of the PWXC using first passive optical components; and transmitting the first optical signal to a third head node of a third network. An all-optical network comprising: a light bank; a first network coupled to the light bank; a second network coupled to the light bank; and a first PWXC coupling the first network and the second network.

Abstract: A dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) optical network includes an optical input port configured to receive unmodulated optical signals from the optical fiber comprising wavelength channels; one or more modulators coupled to the optical input port wherein the one or more modulators are each configured to modulate a respective first wavelength channel of the wavelength channels with respective data to produce a modulated first wavelength channel when the modulator is in a transmit state; wherein an input optical power of each modulator is kept at substantially a first level and an output optical power of the each modulator is kept at substantially a second level during operation of the modulator. A method and an optical network node are also disclosed therein.

Abstract: A wavelength tunable laser includes: a heating layer, a dielectric layer, reflectors, a transport layer, a support layer, and a substrate layer. The heating layer is located above the transport layer; the transport layer is located above the support layer, and the transport layer includes an upper cladding layer, a waveguide layer, and a lower cladding layer from top to bottom; the reflector is located in the transport layer; the support layer has a protection structure, where the protection structure forms a hollow structure together with the transport layer and the substrate layer, and the hollow structure has a support structure; and the substrate layer is located below the support layer. The heating layer, the reflector, and a part of the transport layer form a suspended structure to prevent heat dissipation. Thus thermal tuning efficiency can be improved, and power consumption can be lowered.

Abstract: A tunable laser is provided, including a first reflector, a second reflector, a phase adjustment area, a gain area, a first detector, a second detector, and a controller. The phase adjustment area is located between the first reflector and the gain area, the gain area is located between the phase adjustment area and the second reflector, a reflectivity of the first reflector is adjustable, and a reflectivity of the second reflector is adjustable. The first detector is configured to convert an optical signal of the first reflector into a first electrical signal. The second detector is configured to convert an optical signal of the second reflector into a second electrical signal. The controller is configured to adjust at least one of the reflectivity of the first reflector or the reflectivity of the second reflector based on the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal.

Abstract: A data system for delivering operational data relating to resource instances in a cloud network includes a plurality of different types of resource instances deployed in the cloud network for a plurality of tenants. Each of the resource instances includes an agent application configured to generate diagnostic log data and metric data for each of the resource instances. A server includes an interface, accessible by the plurality of tenants, configured to create a data service configuration for each of the plurality of tenants. The data service configuration configures storage, streaming and analytic data services for the diagnostic log data and the metric data generated by the resource instances corresponding to each of the plurality of tenants.

Abstract: An autoscaling system for scaling resource instances in a cloud network includes an autoscaling application is stored in memory and executed by a processor. The autoscaling application is configured to provide an interface to define an autoscale policy including scale in rules and scale out rules for a plurality of different types of resource instances of a tenant. The autoscaling application is configured to receive capacity data corresponding to a first type of the plurality of different types of resource instances; calculate an estimated instance count for scaling in the first type based on the capacity data and scale in rules; calculate a projection factor based on an estimated instance count and a current instance count; generate adjusted capacity data based on current capacity data and the projection factor; compare the adjusted capacity data and the scale out rules; and selectively scale in the first type based on the comparison.

Abstract: An autoscaling system for scaling resource instances in a cloud network includes a processor and memory. An autoscaling application is stored in memory and executed by the processor and is configured to provide an interface to define an autoscale policy for a plurality of different types of resource instances. The autoscale policy at least one of defines minimum and maximum values for at least one of a capacity and a resource instance count for the plurality of different types of the resource instances using a common protocol and defines metric-based rules for the plurality of different types of the resource instances using the common protocol. The autoscaling application at least one of scales in or scales out the plurality of different types of the resource instances based on the autoscale policy.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems are provided including an electro-absorption modulator (EAM) with local temperature control for optical communication. One aspect provides an optical EAM including a semiconductor portion configured to modulate light for transmission or reception of an optical signal. The modulator includes a temperature sensing element configured to sense temperature and to provide an output signal based on the sensed temperature, and a temperature control element configured to control temperature of the semiconductor portion based on the output signal from the temperature sensing element. In one example, the semiconductor portion includes germanium silicon (GeSi).

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems are provided including an electro-absorption modulator (EAM) with local temperature control for optical communication. One aspect provides an optical EAM including a semiconductor portion configured to modulate light for transmission or reception of an optical signal. The modulator includes a temperature sensing element configured to sense temperature and to provide an output signal based on the sensed temperature, and a temperature control element configured to control temperature of the semiconductor portion based on the output signal from the temperature sensing element. In one example, the semiconductor portion includes germanium silicon (GeSi).

Abstract: A dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) optical network includes an optical input port configured to receive unmodulated optical signals from the optical fiber comprising wavelength channels; one or more modulators coupled to the optical input port wherein the one or more modulators are each configured to modulate a respective first wavelength channel of the wavelength channels with respective data to produce a modulated first wavelength channel when the modulator is in a transmit state; wherein an input optical power of each modulator is kept at substantially a first level and an output optical power of the each modulator is kept at substantially a second level during operation of the modulator. A method and an optical network node are also disclosed therein.

Abstract: A dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) optical network comprises an optical bus, which includes an optical source configured to generate a plurality of unmodulated optical signals each having a different wavelength; an optical multiplexer configured to multiplex the unmodulated optical signals to produce a combined, unmodulated optical signal, and to transmit the combined, unmodulated optical signal through an optical fiber; a plurality of nodes connected in sequence to the output of the optical multiplexer. The plurality of nodes are connected by the optical fiber. A DWDM optical network and a method of operation of the DWDM optical network are also disclosed therein.

Abstract: Metrics are defined and collected for an application. The metrics are organized in hierarchical trees with metrics aggregated at each node in the trees. Each tree represents a different permutation of the metrics. A particular metric may occur in more than one tree. A user interface provides a default drill-down that allows users to jump from one metric to another so that only the most useful information is presented to the user. The default drill-down is defined to provide the user with a best practices method to identify and correct problems or errors in the application. Users may modify the default drill-down path.

Abstract: A method includes forming a first optical structure with an inverse taper and a separate optical structure on a semiconductor chip. The illustrative method also includes applying a protective structure over the optical structures and patterning the protective structure to expose the separate optical structure. The method further includes removing a portion of the separate optical structure to form a separate trimmed taper separate from, but adjacent to, the first optical structure. The protective structure is then removed from the first optical structure. Apparatuses are also disclosed.

Abstract: Metrics are defined and collected for an application. The metrics are organized in hierarchical trees with metrics aggregated at each node in the trees. Each tree represents a different permutation of the metrics. A particular metric may occur in more than one tree. A user interface provides a default drill-down that allows users to jump from one metric to another so that only the most useful information is presented to the user. The default drill-down is defined to provide the user with a best practices method to identify and correct problems or errors in the application. Users may modify the default drill-down path.