Abstract: The invention relates to an electrical energy storage cell comprising a multiplicity of first electrode elements with parallel surfaces, a multiplicity of second electrode elements with parallel surfaces which run parallel to the surfaces of the first electrode elements, which second electrode elements are galvanically isolated from the first electrode elements, a first planar contact element, which makes electrical contact with the multiplicity of first electrode elements, a second planar contact element, which makes electrical contact with the multiplicity of second electrode elements, at least one first planar contact connector, which makes electrical contact with the first contact element, a first pole contact, which makes electrical contact with the first planar contact connector, and a second pole contact, which is electrically connected to the second planar contact element.

Abstract: A mechanical energy storage system and an electric or hybrid vehicle with an energy storage system of this type are provided. The energy storage system has a planetary gear. The sun wheel of same is connected to an electric motor of the vehicle. An outer wheel of the planetary gear is connected to a wheel drive of the vehicle. The planet wheels are connected rigidly to one another via a planet wheel linkage. To increase the flywheel mass, the planet wheels have “flywheel mass regions” which have a larger diameter than a gearwheel region situated between the sun wheel and the outer wheel. Due to these flywheel mass regions, a considerable amount of rotational energy may be stored in the rotating planet wheels with the planetary gear. Such a storage of kinetic energy is intended to improve a degree of recuperation or the starting characteristics of an electric vehicle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a battery system (10), comprising a battery module (11), which comprises a first high-voltage connection (12a), a second high-voltage connection (12b) and a multiplicity of battery cell modules (11a, . . . , 11n) which are connected in series between the first and second high-voltage connections, and a switching matrix (13). The switching matrix comprises a large number of switching rails (14), which are each connected to one of the nodes between in each case two of the battery cell modules which are connected in series, a multiplicity of first switching devices (15a), which are designed to connect in each case one of the switching rails (14) to a first low-voltage connection (13a) of the switching matrix (13), and a multiplicity of second switching devices (15b), which are designed to connect in each case one of the switching rails (14) to a second low-voltage connection (13b) of the switching matrix. In this case, a first total voltage (HV) of all of the battery cell modules (11a, .

Abstract: A battery cell (10), having a low-inductance, capacitive parallel path interconnected between the poles of the battery cell (10), wherein the parallel path is embodied as a discrete capacitor (11).

Abstract: A sensor element for determining the oxygen concentration in an exhaust gas has a conductor track applied to a solid electrolyte, which includes an electrode provided in a measuring area of the sensor element and an electrode lead connected to the electrode and situated in the lead area of the sensor element. In a transition area between the measuring area and the lead area, the conductor track has a narrowing. Furthermore, the electrode includes a first electrode section and a second electrode section, the first electrode section being connected to the electrode lead in a transition area between the measuring area and the lead area, and the first and second electrode sections being electrically connected to one another only on their sides facing away from the lead area.

Abstract: A gas sensor is used in particular for determining a physical property of a measuring gas, preferably for determining the concentration of a component of an exhaust gas in an exhaust branch of an internal combustion engine. The gas sensor has a sensor element situated in a housing. The housing includes a protecting tube having apertures through which the measuring gas may reach the sensor element. At least on its side facing the sensor element, the protecting tube has an absorptivity which is subject to only minor changes during the intended operation of the gas sensor in an exhaust branch of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A device for operating a gas sensor having both at least one pump cell and a measuring cell is provided. A constant current source is provided that makes available a pump current which acts upon an outer electrode of the pump cell. The constant current source provides at least two different amounts of the pump current and/or allows for an alternating operation having ON phases and OFF phases, the duration of the ON phases/OFF phases being specifiable. The device may be largely implemented in digital circuitry and adapted to different requirements.

Abstract: A lambda sensor for motor vehicles which permanently displays an at least temporary thermal overload by means of an indicator which, for fast reliable and unambiguous diagnosis without major additional measurement effort or expense, includes an indication material having at least one limit temperature adapted to the maximum allowable operating temperature of the component, and when this limit temperature is exceeded in at least one material component, a microstructural change ensues.