Abstract: An ultra low cost electric vehicle heating apparatus, components thereof, and related method are herein described. A driver circuit operates a switching device at an intermediate state between fully-turned-off and fully-turned-on, in a high power dissipation heating mode, to efficiently produce heat energy for heating a passenger compartment, or energy storage system, of an electric vehicle. The driver circuit operates the switching device to have a fully-turned-off state and a fully-turned-on state in a main function mode for a traction inverter or an energy storage system charger of the electric vehicle. The driver circuit is operable to cycle the heating mode and the main function mode for combining such heating and such main function operation of the traction inverter, or the charger, without compromising the operation of the traction motor, or charger, while simultaneously eliminating many of the expensive resistive heating components in use by practitioners of the art.

Abstract: Selective efficiency multi-phase traction inverters and chargers as heat sources for thermal conditioning of electric vehicles is provided. The traction inverter comprises a plurality of phases, each of the plurality of phases having at least one semiconductor switching device, the at least one semiconductor switching device configured to switch between at least three differing states, for thermal management of the electric vehicle components and compartments. The traction inverter includes a controller coupled to the plurality of phases, to operate the plurality of phases in a first mode of the traction inverter to drive the electric motor as a traction motor. The controller operates the plurality of phases in a second mode of the traction inverter as a first type of converter. The controller to operate the plurality of phases in a third mode of the traction inverter as a second type of converter.

Abstract: Selective efficiency multi-phase traction inverters and chargers as heat sources for thermal conditioning of electric vehicles is provided. The traction inverter comprises a plurality of phases, each of the plurality of phases having at least one semiconductor switching device, the at least one semiconductor switching device configured to switch between at least three differing states, for thermal management of the electric vehicle components and compartments. The traction inverter includes a controller coupled to the plurality of phases, to operate the plurality of phases in a first mode of the traction inverter to drive the electric motor as a traction motor. The controller operates the plurality of phases in a second mode of the traction inverter as a first type of converter. The controller to operate the plurality of phases in a third mode of the traction inverter as a second type of converter.

Abstract: An ultra low cost electric vehicle heating apparatus, components thereof, and related method are herein described. A driver circuit operates a switching device at an intermediate state between fully-turned-off and fully-turned-on, in a high power dissipation heating mode, to efficiently produce heat energy for heating a passenger compartment, or energy storage system, of an electric vehicle. The driver circuit operates the switching device to have a fully-turned-off state and a fully-turned-on state in a main function mode for a traction inverter or an energy storage system charger of the electric vehicle. The driver circuit is operable to cycle the heating mode and the main function mode for combining such heating and such main function operation of the traction inverter, or the charger, without compromising the operation of the traction motor, or charger, while simultaneously eliminating many of the expensive resistive heating components in use by practitioners of the art.

Abstract: Selective efficiency multi-phase traction inverters and chargers as heat sources for thermal conditioning of electric vehicles is provided. The traction inverter comprises a plurality of phases, each of the plurality of phases having at least one semiconductor switching device, the at least one semiconductor switching device configured to switch between at least three differing states, for thermal management of the electric vehicle components and compartments. The traction inverter includes a controller coupled to the plurality of phases, to operate the plurality of phases in a first mode of the traction inverter to drive the electric motor as a traction motor. The controller operates the plurality of phases in a second mode of the traction inverter as a first type of converter. The controller to operate the plurality of phases in a third mode of the traction inverter as a second type of converter.

Abstract: An ultra low cost electric vehicle heating apparatus, components thereof, and related method are herein described. A driver circuit operates a switching device at an intermediate state between fully-turned-off and fully-turned-on, in a high power dissipation heating mode, to efficiently produce heat energy for heating a passenger compartment, or energy storage system, of an electric vehicle. The driver circuit operates the switching device to have a fully-turned-off state and a fully-turned-on state in a main function mode for a traction inverter or an energy storage system charger of the electric vehicle. The driver circuit is operable to cycle the heating mode and the main function mode for combining such heating and such main function operation of the traction inverter, or the charger, without compromising the operation of the traction motor, or charger, while simultaneously eliminating many of the expensive resistive heating components in use by practitioners of the art.

Abstract: A lamp is provided. The lamp includes at least one light emitting diode (LED) and an electronic circuit configured to provide power to the at least one LED. The lamp includes at least one flat circuit board having mounted thereto the at least one LED and the electronic circuit. The at least one flat circuit board acts as a heatsink to dissipate heat from the at least one LED and acts as a plurality of circuit paths for the electronic circuit and the at least one LED.

Abstract: A lamp is provided. The lamp includes at least one light emitting diode (LED) and an electronic circuit configured to provide power to the at least one LED. The lamp includes at least one flat circuit board having mounted thereto the at least one LED and the electronic circuit. The at least one flat circuit board acts as a heatsink to dissipate heat from the at least one LED and acts as a plurality of circuit paths for the electronic circuit and the at least one LED.

Abstract: A transceiver system with reduced latency uncertainty is described. In one implementation, the transceiver system has a word aligner latency uncertainty of zero. In another implementation, the transceiver system has a receiver-to-transmitter transfer latency uncertainty of zero. In yet another implementation, the transceiver system has a word aligner latency uncertainty of zero and a receiver-to-transmitter transfer latency uncertainty of zero. In one specific implementation, the receiver-to-transmitter transfer latency uncertainty is eliminated by using the transmitter parallel clock as a feedback signal in the transmitter phase locked loop (PLL). In one implementation, this is achieved by optionally making the transmitter divider, which generates the transmitter parallel clock, part of the feedback path of the transmitter PLL.

Abstract: A lamp is provided. The lamp includes at least one light emitting diode (LED) and an electronic circuit configured to provide power to the at least one LED. The lamp includes at least one flat circuit board having mounted thereto the at least one LED and the electronic circuit. The at least one flat circuit board acts as a heatsink to dissipate heat from the at least one LED and acts as a plurality of circuit paths for the electronic circuit and the at least one LED.

Abstract: A transmission for a motor vehicle is provided. The transmission is a plurality of switches that reeonfigurably interconnects constrained energy sources through switch settings. In one embodiment, the energy sources are batteries or fuel cells for an electric or hybrid motor vehicle. The transmission is in communication with a controller that receives energy from the plurality of energy sources and regulates output energy. In one embodiment the controller is a pulse width modulation controller and may also be an inverter and/or converter. A device for converting the output energy of the controller into one of a force or a rate is provided. In one embodiment the device is an electric motor.

Abstract: One or two Serializer/Deserializer (SerDes) modules are used to measure the time between two pulses with high resolution. A PLL inside a SerDes block is locked to a reference clock and an input signal is passed through a storage element to create a serial data stream that is converted into a parallel data stream by a demultiplexer inside the SerDes. The parallel data is stored in a bit logic unit that compares the parallel data to a second parallel data obtained in similar fashion in another SerDes from a second input signal. The time between the two pulses is then calculated as the number of cycles in the serial data stream that corresponds to the number of bits between the positions of the two events.

Abstract: A method for aligning output from a first transmit source and a second transmit source is provided. The method includes combining complementary portions of differential signals generated from respective transmit sources to generate an output bit sequence and comparing the output bit sequence with an input bit sequence used to generate the differential signals. The method further includes adjusting one of the first or the second transmit source based on the comparison to align the output from the first and the second transmit sources. A PLD having the capability to align channels of different octets is also provided.

Abstract: A transceiver system with reduced latency uncertainty is described. In one implementation, the transceiver system has a word aligner latency uncertainty of zero. In another implementation, the transceiver system has a receiver-to-transmitter transfer latency uncertainty of zero. In yet another implementation, the transceiver system has a word aligner latency uncertainty of zero and a receiver-to-transmitter transfer latency uncertainty of zero. In one specific implementation, the receiver-to-transmitter transfer latency uncertainty is eliminated by using the transmitter parallel clock as a feedback signal in the transmitter phase locked loop (PLL). In one implementation, this is achieved by optionally making the transmitter divider, which generates the transmitter parallel clock, part of the feedback path of the transmitter PLL.

Abstract: An apparatus for transmitting and receiving data via a transmission medium. The apparatus includes a local receiver and a local transmitter. The local receiver receives an incoming data signal transmitted through the transmission medium by a remote transmitter and derives from the incoming data signal one or more processing parameters corresponding to one or more characteristics of the transmission medium. The local transmitter receives the one or more processing parameters from the local receiver, generates an outgoing data signal using the one or more processing parameters, and transmits the outgoing data signal through the transmission medium.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a GaAs substrate, a light-emitting structure disposed above the substrate and capable of emitting light having a wavelength of about 1.3 microns to about 1.55 microns, and a buffer layer disposed between the substrate and the light-emitting structure. The composition of the buffer layer varies through the buffer layer such that a lattice constant of the buffer layer grades from a lattice constant approximately equal to a lattice constant of the substrate to a lattice constant approximately equal to a lattice constant of the light-emitting structure. The light-emitting device exhibits improved mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties compared to similar light-emitting devices grown on InP substrates.

Abstract: Two transistors are coupled in a cascode topology between a load resistor and a first current source. A third transistor is coupled between the cascode transistor output terminal and a second current source. The current provided by the second current source causes a constant voltage drop across the load resistor and consequently a steady offset voltage at the cascode transistor output terminal. When the control transistor in the cascode circuit switches on, the current provided by the first current source provides an additional voltage drop at the cascode transistor output terminal.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a GaAs substrate, a light-emitting structure disposed above the substrate and capable of emitting light having a wavelength of about 1.3 microns to about 1.55 microns, and a buffer layer disposed between the substrate and the light-emitting structure. The composition of the buffer layer varies through the buffer layer such that a lattice constant of the buffer layer grades from a lattice constant approximately equal to a lattice constant of the substrate to a lattice constant approximately equal to a lattice constant of the light-emitting structure. The light-emitting device exhibits improved mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties compared to similar light-emitting devices grown on InP substrates.

Abstract: An improved phase-locked loop circuit includes a variable-frequency oscillator that generates a first oscillator signal, a reference signal source that generates a second oscillator signal, a control block that generates a select signal, and a frequency divider that receives as an input signal one of the first and second oscillator signals. The frequency divider also receives the select signal from the control block. The frequency divider generates a plurality of frequency-divided signals in response to the input signal, and passes through a selected one of the plurality of frequency-divided signals as an output signal in response to the select signal. The frequency divider also synchronizes its output signal to its input signal. The phase-locked loop also includes a frequency comparator that receives the output signal of the frequency divider and a signal derived from one of the first and second oscillator signals.

Abstract: A multiplexer includes a first input device that receives a first input signal and a first select signal. When the first select signal has a first state, the first input device generates a first voltage at a first node in response to the first input signal. When the first select signal has a second state, the first input device generates a first reference voltage at the first node. A second input device receives a second input signal and a second select signal related to the first select signal. When the second select signal has a first state, the second input device generates a second voltage at a second node in response to the second input signal. When the second select signal has a second state, the second input device generates a second reference voltage at the second node. A first output buffer has an input terminal coupled to the first node and an output terminal coupled to an output node.