Abstract: A method is provided for making a catalyst support, and includes the steps of providing an aqueous suspension of refractory inorganic oxide and refractory inorganic carbide; forming the suspension into droplets; exposing the droplets to a gelling agent whereby the droplets are at least partially solidified so as to provide substantially sphere-shaped portions of refractory inorganic oxide and refractory inorganic carbide; and drying and calcining the sphere-shaped portions so as to provide substantially spherical particles of catalyst support containing refractory inorganic oxide and refractory inorganic carbide. Catalytically active metal phases and hydrogenation processes using the catalyst are also described.

Abstract: A method is provided for making a catalyst support, and includes the steps of providing an aqueous suspension of refractory inorganic oxide and refractory inorganic carbide; forming the suspension into droplets; exposing the droplets to a gelling agent whereby the droplets are at least partially solidified so as to provide substantially sphere-shaped portions of refractory inorganic oxide and refractory inorganic carbide; and drying and calcining the sphere-shaped portions so as to provide substantially spherical particles of catalyst support containing refractory inorganic oxide and refractory inorganic carbide. Catalytically active metal phases and hydrogenation processes using the catalyst are also described.

Abstract: A method is provided for making a catalyst support, and includes the steps of providing an aqueous suspension of refractory inorganic oxide and refractory inorganic carbide; forming the suspension into droplets; exposing the droplets to a gelling agent whereby the droplets are at least partially solidified so as to provide substantially sphere-shaped portions of refractory inorganic oxide and refractory inorganic carbide; and drying and calcining the sphere-shaped portions so as to provide substantially spherical particles of catalyst support containing refractory inorganic oxide and refractory inorganic carbide. Catalytically active metal phases and hydrogenation processes using the catalyst are also described.

Abstract: A catalyst for the hydrotreatment of heavy crudes and their residues, and a method of preparing same, is disclosed, which has significant simultaneous hydrodemetallizing and hydrodesulfurizing activity. The catalyst is prepared by successively impregnating an extruded refractory support with a Group VIb and a Group VIII metal, calcining the pellet thus produced, and presulfurizing same. Pore volume of the catalyst ranges between 0.50 and 1.2 ml/g, total surface area ranges between 120 and 140 m.sup.2 /g, at least 60% of said pore volume consists of pores having diameters greater than 100 .ANG., and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy signal band strength ratios are as follows: I(Me VIb)/I(refractory metal) is between 5 and 8, and I(Me VIII)/I(refractory metal) is between 1 and 5.

Abstract: A catalyst for use in the mild hydrocracking (MHC) of heavy vacuum gas oils to produce middle distillates and a method for the preparation of the catalyst and a process for treating the heavy vacuum gas oils with the catalyst. The catalyst comprises molybdenum, nickel and phosphorus supported on gamma alumina. The catalyst of the invention possesses a P/Mo+Ni ratio between 0.7 and 1.1, which endows it with a high capacity for hydrodesulfurization (HDS), hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) and hydroconversion of the fraction which can be distilled at 370.degree. C.+ to middle distillates, when the catalyst is used under MHC conditions, that is, T=variable, P=750 psig, LHSV=0.70 m.sup.3 /m.sup.3 h and the ratio H.sub.2 /VGO=300 Nm.sup.3 /m.sup.3. The new catalyst can operate for more than 26 months, maintaining a consistent conversion of 20% and achieving the sulfur and nitrogen requirements in the product obtained.

Abstract: Heavy crudes or vacuum residues are treated in a thermal hydroconversion process in the presence of a metal catalyst from Groups IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb and VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements and water. Fresh catalyst is introduced into the process as a soluble, metallic catalyst precursor which is then decomposed while feedstock admixed with water is preheated to a temperature of at least about 230.degree. C. but no more than about 420.degree. C.

Abstract: A catalyst for the hydrotreatment of heavy crudes and their residues, and a method of preparing same, is disclosed, which has significant simultaneous hydrodemetallizing and hydrodesulfurizing activity. The catalyst is prepared by successively impregnating an extruded refractory support with a Group VIb and a Group VIII metal, calcining the pellet thus produced, and presulfurizing same. Pore volume of the catalyst ranges between 0.50 and 1.2 ml/g, total surface area ranges between 120 and 400 m.sup.2 /g, at least 60% of said pore volume consists of pores having diameters greater than 100 .ANG., and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy signal band strength ratios are as follows: I(Me VIb)/I(refractory metal) is between 5 and 8, and I(Me VIII)/I(refractory metal) is between 1 and 5.

Abstract: A new active stable catalyst for use in the removal of sulphur, nitrogen, contaminating metals, asphaltenes and Conradson carbon from heavy crudes and residues and, in particular, a method for the preparation of the catalyst and a process for the treatment of heavy crudes and residues with the catalyst. The catalyst comprises a hydrogenation component selected from Group VIB of the Periodic Table, a hydrogenation component selected from Group VIII of the Periodic Table and a phosphorus oxide component as active components all supported on an alumina carrier. The catalyst is made up of a dispersion of the above metals on the surface of the alumina carrier such that, when the catalyst is sulphided under specific conditions, catalytic activities such as hydrodesulphurization (HDS), hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) and hydrodemetallization (HDM) and the conversion of asphaltenes and Conradson carbon are improved.

Abstract: A catalyst for the hydrotreatment of heavy crudes and residues and a method for the preparation thereof are claimed, specifying an amount of Group VIb metallic hydrogenation compound irreversibly absorbed by the silica or alumina extruded support structure surface to be between 0.5 and 3% of the dried and calcined catalyst by weight. The percentage limit on the hydrogenation compound can be achieved by either obtaining a dense alumina support structure having a novel pore diameter distribution, or treating a prior art support with an absorption site restricter such as MgO prior to hydrogenation compound impregnation. Subsequent fabrication steps comprise washing, drying, calcining and presulfurizing. The resultant catalyst has a monolayer of hydrogenating compound deposited on the reaction surface, and interfering compounds such as massive MoO.sub.3, Al(MoO.sub.4).sub.3 or polymolybdates are not formed.

Abstract: A new active stable catalyst for use in the removal of sulphur, nitrogen, contaminating metals, asphaltenes and Conradson carbon from heavy crudes and residues and, in particular, a method for the preparation of the catalyst and a process for the treatment of heavy crudes and residues with the catalyst. The catalyst comprises a hydrogenation component selected from Group VIB of the Periodic Table, a hydrogenation component selected from Group VIII of the Periodic Table and a phosphorus oxide component as active components all supported on an alumina carrier. The catalyst is made up of a dispersion of the above metals on the surface of the alumina carrier such that, when the catalyst is sulphided under specific conditions, catalytic activities such as hydrodesulphurization (HDS), hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) and hydrodemetallization (HDM) and the conversion of asphaltenes and Conradson carbon are improved.