Abstract: We disclose a method, comprising administering, to a patient suffering from a cancer, low-dose radiation, whereby expression of a target on a surface of a cancer cell increases after the low-dose radiotherapy; and administering, to the patient, a cell-based target-specific cancer therapy, wherein a cell of the cancer therapy interacts with the target. The method may further comprise administering an additional cancer treatment modality. We also disclose a kit comprising a cell of the cell-based target-specific cancer therapy; and instructions to perform the method. Further, we disclose a similar method and corresponding kit, wherein low-dose radiation induces expression of an intracellular target, and a small molecule cancer therapy interacting with the intracellular target is administered.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods of treating cancer in a patient comprising administering a combination of a low dose radiotherapy and an immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. The patient may be further administered a cell therapy, such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy or chimeric antigen receptor NK-cell therapy. The low dose radiation modulates the tumor microenvironment of solid tumors to allow better efficacy, activation, and infiltration of the anti-tumor effector immune cells.

Abstract: Provided are methods for sequential radiotherapies, such as XRT. In some embodiments, a higher dosage of an XRT may first be administered to a subject, optionally in combination with an immunotherapy, and subsequently a lower dosage XRT is administered to the subject to treat a cancer. Separating the dosage and intensity of the radiotherapies can be used to achieve improved therapeutic responses, such as improved anti-cancer responses, survival times, and/or abscopal effects.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of using BMP7 levels as a marker for the selection of patients, such as non-small cell lung cancer patients, who will clinically respond to combination therapy comprising a BMP7 inhibitor and an immune checkpoint therapy, such as an anti-PD1 therapy and/or an anti-CTLA-4 therapy. Also provided are methods of treating the selected patients with a combination of a BMP7 inhibitor and an immune checkpoint therapy.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of treatment involving the combination of an anti-OX40 antigen binding protein (e.g., an anti-OX40 agonist antibody) and/or radiotherapy, for use in treating a cancer. The cancer may include anti-PD-1 resistance.