Abstract: Apparatus and method for rapid production of biodiesel fuel. The apparatus includes a packed column followed by a high pressure kinetic reactor. A homogeneous stream of feed oil (vegetable oil or animal fat), methanol, and a catalyst is metered, mixed, fed into a packed column, and finally into the high pressure kinetic reactor where the conversion into biodiesel fuel is completed. The packed column is packed with rings (either Raschig rings or pall rings or equivalent). The homogeneous stream enters from the bottom with rings kept in a fluidized bed state to allow greatest surface area for reaction to take place. Approximately 40 to 70 percent reaction is typically achieved in the packed column. The high pressure kinetic reactor receives the partially reacted homogeneous stream and breaks fluid molecules into nano molecules with very high instantaneous temperatures and availability of large surface areas which allow complete reaction without external heat.

Abstract: An apparatus is reported for shaping an end of a solid cosmetic stick such as a deodorant or antiperspirant. The apparatus operates through a method that includes the steps of filling a package body with a molten cosmetic composition, solidifying the composition into stick form, heating a mold or package cap, elevating the stick to extend the package body opening, and contacting an end portion of the stick with the heated die or cap. A pattern such as a trademark or logo may be molded through this process onto the end portion of the stick.

Abstract: A process for shaping an end of a solid cosmetic stick such as a deodorant or antiperspirant. The process includes the steps of filling a package body with a molten cosmetic composition, solidifying the composition into stick form, heating a mold or package cap, elevating the stick to extend the package body opening, and contacting an end portion of the stick with the heated die or cap. A pattern such as a trademark or logo may be molded through this process onto the end portion of the stick.