Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for differential storage in memory arrays are described. A memory device may include pairs of memory cells configured to store a single logic state (e.g., a single bit of information). Additionally, the memory device may include sense amplifiers configured to sense the logic state based on a difference between a voltage of a first ferroelectric memory cell of the pair of memory cells and a voltage of a second ferroelectric memory cell of the pair of memory cells. In one example, the memory device may include pairs of memory cells within a single memory array on a single level. Here, each memory cell pair may include a memory cells that are each coupled with a same word line and plate line. Additionally, each memory cell pair may include memory cells each coupled with different digit lines.

Abstract: A valve element selectively opens and closes a radial aperture and an axial hole in a drilling element for drilling mud circulation. The valve element includes a fixing portion allowing the valve element to sealingly fix to the drilling element at the radial aperture. A body has an inlet aperture and an outlet aperture, and a duct for putting the apertures in communication with each other, defining a path for the drilling mud. A plug selectively seals the inlet aperture. A first sealing element is positioned in a housing formed in the axial hole of the drilling element. A shutter pivoted to the body includes a second sealing element to selectively and sealingly close the outlet aperture. The shutter selectively and sealingly closes the axial hole by abutting against the first sealing element. The valve element is adapted to keep the outlet aperture of the body normally closed.

Abstract: A valve element selectively opens and closes a radial aperture and an axial hole in a drilling element for drilling mud circulation. The valve element includes a fixing portion allowing the valve element to sealingly fix to the drilling element at the radial aperture. A body has an inlet aperture and an outlet aperture, and a duct for putting the apertures in communication with each other, defining a path for the drilling mud. A plug selectively seals the inlet aperture. A first sealing element is positioned in a housing formed in the axial hole of the drilling element. A shutter pivoted to the body includes a second sealing element to selectively and sealingly close the outlet aperture. The shutter selectively and sealingly closes the axial hole by abutting against the first sealing element. The valve element is adapted to keep the outlet aperture of the body normally closed.

Abstract: Control equipment monitors flows of drilling mud in a drilling mud circulation circuit. The equipment includes: at least one first inlet element, in turn having at least one first measuring device; at least one second outlet element, in turn having at least one second measuring device, and a processing and control unit electrically connected to both the first measuring device and the second measuring device. The processing and control unit receives measurement data from the first measuring device and the second measuring device. The equipment includes a third control element having at least one third measuring device. The processing and control unit is electrically connected to the at least one third measuring device; it receives measurement data from the third measuring device, and processes the data thus obtained by a model-based mathematical algorithm. The equipment includes a signaling device, which is electrically connected to the processing and control unit.

Abstract: A connection device for connecting a secondary drilling fluids circuit to a drilling element includes a radial aperture. A central body has a first connection portion forming a sealed connection to the secondary circuit. A second connection portion forms a sealed connection to the radial aperture and an intake duct conducts drilling fluids. A clamping system connects the connection device to the drilling element. One opening device is adapted to selectively open and close the radial aperture by acting upon a valve assembly. One coupling device connects the opening device to the valve assembly. The opening device selectively opens and closes the radial aperture by acting upon an obstructor of the valve assembly through rotary movement. The coupling device couples to a clamping element in the obstructor to transfer the rotary movement of the opening device to the obstructor to selectively and securely open and close the radial aperture.

Abstract: An anti-friction device is associated with a drilling element, the drilling element having a substantially cylindrical shape, with a first outside diameter (d1) and a longitudinal extension along a first axis (X). The drilling element includes at least one housing for receiving the anti-friction device. The anti-friction device has a hollow cylindrical shape having an inside diameter (d) which is smaller than the first diameter (d1) of the drilling element and an outside diameter (D) which is greater than the first diameter (d1) of the drilling element. The anti-friction device is adapted to rotate about the first axis (X) in the housing, independently of the drilling element.

Abstract: A method of assembly is for a string of drilling elements for deepwater drilling. Each drilling element includes an axial through hole, through which drilling mud can flow, and two connection portions for connecting it in series in the string. The method includes assembling a lower portion of the string, assembling a first drilling element with other drilling devices to create a first section of the string. These steps are repeated until the lower portion is proximate the blowout preventer or the bottom. Assembly of second drilling elements begins while executing a drilling cycle for creating at least a second section of the string. The assembly step is repeated until the second section extends equal to a desired drilling depth. After assembling the lower portion and before assembling the first drilling element, a third drilling element is assembled, which includes an obstruction element for preventing backflow in the string.

Abstract: A valve assembly is for selectively opening and closing a radial aperture provided on a drilling element for drilling mud circulation. The valve assembly includes a valve body that has an inlet aperture and an outlet aperture, and a duct for putting the apertures in communication with each other, thereby defining a mud path (p). The valve assembly includes at least two shutters arranged in a cascade along the direction of the mud path (p), thus forming at least a double barrier.

Abstract: Control equipment monitors flows of drilling mud in a drilling mud circulation circuit. The equipment includes: at least one first inlet element, in turn having at least one first measuring device; at least one second outlet element, in turn having at least one second measuring device, and a processing and control unit electrically connected to both the first measuring device and the second measuring device. The processing and control unit receives measurement data from the first measuring device and the second measuring device. The equipment includes a third control element having at least one third measuring device. The processing and control unit is electrically connected to the at least one third measuring device; it receives measurement data from the third measuring device, and processes the data thus obtained by a model-based mathematical algorithm. The equipment includes a signaling device, which is electrically connected to the processing and control unit.

Abstract: A method of assembly is for a string of drilling elements for deepwater drilling. Each drilling element includes an axial through hole, through which drilling mud can flow, and two connection portions for connecting it in series in the string. The method includes assembling a lower portion of the string, assembling a first drilling element with other drilling devices to create a first section of the string. These steps are repeated until the lower portion is proximate the blowout preventer or the bottom. Assembly of second drilling elements begins while executing a drilling cycle for creating at least a second section of the string. The assembly step is repeated until the second section extends equal to a desired drilling depth. After assembling the lower portion and before assembling the first drilling element, a third drilling element is assembled, which includes an obstruction element for preventing backflow in the string.

Abstract: A connection device for connecting a secondary drilling fluids circuit to a drilling element includes a radial aperture. A central body has a first connection portion forming a sealed connection to the secondary circuit. A second connection portion forms a sealed connection to the radial aperture and an intake duct conducts drilling fluids. A clamping system connects the connection device to the drilling element. One opening device is adapted to selectively open and close the radial aperture by acting upon a valve assembly. One coupling device connects the opening device to the valve assembly. The opening device selectively opens and closes the radial aperture by acting upon an obstructor of the valve assembly through rotary movement. The coupling device couples to a clamping element in the obstructor to transfer the rotary movement of the opening device to the obstructor to selectively and securely open and close the radial aperture.

Abstract: An anti-friction device is associated with a drilling element, the drilling element having a substantially cylindrical shape, with a first outside diameter (d1) and a longitudinal extension along a first axis (X). The drilling element includes at least one housing for receiving the anti-friction device. The anti-friction device has a hollow cylindrical shape having an inside diameter (d) which is smaller than the first diameter (d1) of the drilling element and an outside diameter (D) which is greater than the first diameter (d1) of the drilling element. The anti-friction device is adapted to rotate about the first axis (X) in the housing, independently of the drilling element.

Abstract: A valve assembly is for selectively opening and closing a radial aperture provided on a drilling element for drilling mud circulation. The valve assembly includes a valve body that has an inlet aperture and an outlet aperture, and a duct for putting the apertures in communication with each other, thereby defining a mud path (p). The valve assembly includes at least two shutters arranged in a cascade along the direction of the mud path (p), thus forming at least a double barrier.

Abstract: A centralizer for an oil well drill casing including at least one strip of ceramic or plastic material applied onto an outer wall of the casing.

Abstract: A centralizer for an oil well drill casing including at least one strip of ceramic or plastic material applied onto an outer wall of the casing.

Abstract: Equipment for intercepting and diverting liquid circulation flow includes three chambers and a series of valves. The chambers are equipped with a connection device with arrival or supply lines, communicating with each other, of which only a first chamber communicates with second and third chambers. Communication between the first and second chambers and between the first and third chambers each is obtained by at least two valves, one is a flow-rate valve and at least one is an equalizer valve. An upstream or downstream of each equalizer valve is coupled with a fixed or adjustable flow-blocking device. The second and third chambers do not communicate and include a three-way valve in common with each other, or include two one-way valves in counterposition. One one-way valve is open when the other is closed and vice versa, and the three-way valve or the two one-way valves are coupled with a discharge valve.

Abstract: Production tubing for oil wells comprising a plurality of cylindrical elements made of a composite material consisting of continuous carbon fibres impregnated with a thermosetting epoxy resin, joined adjacently to each other by means of a male/female connection system, wherein the male connection is present on one end of the cylindrical element and the female connection is present on the other end of the cylindrical element.

Abstract: A centralizer for an oil well drill casing including at least one strip of ceramic or plastic material applied onto an outer wall of the casing.

Abstract: A method for the extinction or oil well-killing or killing of an underwater well for the extraction of hydrocarbons under uncontrolled fluid discharge conditions, also called blowout, by assembling, in correspondence with the lower end portion of a string of pipes for the extinction or killing string, a constraint group for rigid connection between a plurality of remote-operated underwater vehicles and the killing string; detecting the position of a flow of fluids and positioning the killing string substantially in correspondence with said flow; lowering a plurality of remote-operated vehicles close to the lower end portion of the killing string; connecting the remote-operated vehicles to the constraint group; detecting in real time the relative position of the flow of fluids with respect to the vehicles and calculating the position of the outlet hole of the flow; on the basis of the calculated position of the outlet hole, coordinately piloting the vehicles so as to bring the lower end of the string in corres

Abstract: A method for the extinction or oil well-killing or killing of an underwater well for the extraction of hydrocarbons under uncontrolled fluid discharge conditions, also called blowout, by assembling, in correspondence with the lower end portion of a string of pipes for the extinction or killing string, a constraint group for rigid connection between a plurality of remote-operated underwater vehicles and the killing string; detecting the position of a flow of fluids and positioning the killing string substantially in correspondence with said flow; lowering a plurality of remote-operated vehicles close to the lower end portion of the killing string; connecting the remote-operated vehicles to the constraint group; detecting in real time the relative position of the flow of fluids with respect to the vehicles and calculating the position of the outlet hole of the flow; on the basis of the calculated position of the outlet hole, coordinately piloting the vehicles so as to bring the lower end of the string in corres