Abstract: The present invention refers to a device (1), and to the use thereof, apt to feed powdered substances or the like onto the surface (4) of a metal-slag bath (2, 3) inside of a reactor in a particularly effective manner, comprising: means (5, 6, 7, 8) apt to feed powdered substances or the like comprising a channel (5) formed in a tubular body (6) having, at the proximal end thereof, at least one opening (7); means (9, 10, 11) for the thermal and the chemical protection of the channel (5); and means for positioning said at least one opening (7).

Abstract: A continuous process and apparatus for transforming, by chemico-physical reactions inside molten slag, materials to be gasified, thermally destroyed, inertized, or from which elements of commercial value are to be recovered, yielding controlled composition products, in an apparatus made of a single reaction chamber, called reactor, having a substantially cylindrical symmetry, including two portions, a top and a bottom one, said process being characterised in that it comprises the steps of: introducing into the bottom portion of the reactor, sideways through a second injection level and/or vertically from the top thereof, the material to be transformed, the fuel, the comburent and possibly slag inoculants and additives and material-carrying gases; and tapping from the bottom portion of the reactor the transformed material, of controlled composition, and the inert slag.

Abstract: A continuous process for transforming, by chemico-physical reactions inside molten slag, materials to be gasified, thermally destroyed, inertized, or from which elements of commercial value are to be recovered, yielding controlled composition products, in an apparatus made of a single reaction chamber, called reactor, having a substantially cylindrical symmetry, including two portions, a top and a bottom one, communicating and functionally distinct therebetween for carrying out the process, said process being characterised in that it comprises the steps of:

Abstract: Device for the precipitation of carbon particles present in exhaust gases having a voltage generator whose poles are connected with at least one electrode and the shell comprising separate internal zones where the following phenomena take place mixing of exhaust gas with air in a first zone, ionization in a second zone of the gas & air mixture coming from said first zone, ignition and precipitation in a third zone of said carbon particles present in said gas & air mixture coming from said second zone, and exhaust of the gas in which said carbon particles have been precipitated.

Abstract: Device for reduction of exhaust gas particulates in an exhaust pipe, comprising in combination a two-pole high-voltage generator, and a plurality of conductors alternately connected to one or the other of the poles. The conductors constitute substantially the only obstruction to flow of exhaust gas through the pipe and occupy a total area which is less than 50% and more than 10% of the pipe cross section. Air is introduced into the pipe upstream of the conductors, and a probe analyzes the downstream gas and regulates the air introduction according to the detected composition.

Abstract: Briquettes obtained from semicoke and a binder such as pitch, can be hardened when stacked to relatively great height of 5 to 10 meters, provided the "green" briquettes are heated in a vertical oven at a temperature between 300.degree. C. and 400.degree. C. for 35 to 50 minutes in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen.

Abstract: A carbonaceous material with high characteristics of surface area and activity is produced in a continuous process by heating and drying ground pit coal at 200 to 300.degree. C. for 15 to 120 minutes in air, and then heating in two further stages in fluidized bed reactors. The first of these further stages is 400 to 600.degree. C. for 10 to 60 minutes while the second is 800 to 1100.degree. C. for 10 to 60 minutes. Tar is condensed from the offgases of the first further stage and the residual gas is divided and 10 to 95% recycled to the first further stage. Similarly, 10 to 95% of the off-gases from the second further stage are recycled.

Abstract: Coke is produced with high yield and low sulfur by heating and drying ground coking coal at 200.degree. to 300.degree. C. for 15 to 120 minutes in air, and then heating in two semicoking stages in nitrogen in fluidized bed reactors. The first semicoking stage is 400.degree. to 600.degree. C. for 10 to 60 minutes while the second is 800.degree. to 1,100.degree. C. for 10 to 60 minutes. Tar is condensed from the offgases of the first semicoking stage and the residual gas is divided and 15 to 95% recycled to the first semicoking reactor. Similarly, 15 to 95% of the offgases from the second semicoking reactor is recycled. The condensed tar is fed to the final coke-forming operation.

Abstract: Coke is produced with high yield and low sulfur by heating and drying ground coking coal at 200.degree. to 300.degree. C. for 15 to 120 minutes in air, and then heating in three semicoking stages in fluidized bed reactors. The first semicoking stage is 300.degree. to 470.degree. C. for 10 to 20 minutes; the second is 400.degree. to 600.degree. C. for 10 to 20 minutes; while the third is 800.degree. to 1100.degree. C. for 10 to 20 minutes. Tar is condensed from the offgases of the first two semicoking stages and the residual gas from each is divided and 60 to 80% recycled as fluidizing gas to the same semicoking reactor. 10 to 20% of the offgases from the third semicoking stage is recycled to the third stage as fluidizing gas. In addition, oxygen is used as make-up fluidizing gas in each of the three stages, in the amount of 10 to 30 liters per kilogram of dry coal in the first stage, 5 to 20 liters per kilogram of dry coal in the second stage, and 40 to 100 liters per kilogram of dry coal in the third stage.

Abstract: In the production of formed coke, the temperatures and times of the oxidation and carbonization phases can be reduced if 5 to 12% by volume of oxygen is included in the fluidizing gas in a fluidized bed reactor in which the carbonization phase is conducted.