Abstract: The system, method, and computer program product described herein may provide the capability to handle a variety of types of transactions, not just payment transactions. In addition, system, method, and computer program product described herein may provide the capability for users to be able to control the confidentiality of their transactions, for the system to control access to transactions, for the system to be capable of auditing transactions, and to provide accountability of the validating entities.

Abstract: The system, method, and computer program product described herein may provide the capability to handle a variety of types of transactions, not just payment transactions. In addition, system, method, and computer program product described herein may provide the capability for users to be able to control the confidentiality of their transactions, for the system to control access to transactions, for the system to be capable of auditing transactions, and to provide accountability of the validating entities.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention may include issuing certificates in a network of computer systems by receiving a request for a certificate from a user, the request including a public key having a private key having at least one other corresponding public key, determining a user of the public key is authorized using the private key, incrementing a count of certificates for the user, generating a message including the incremented count of certificates for the user, encrypting the generated message, and issuing and transmitting to the user a certificate have the encrypted message as a serial number.