Abstract: Chip technology for fabricating ultra-low-noise, high-stability optical devices for use in an optical atomic clock system. The proposed chip technology uses diamond material to form stabilized lasers, frequency references, and passive laser cavity structures. By utilizing the exceptional thermal conductivity of diamond and other optical and dielectric properties, a specific temperature range of operation is proposed that allows significant reduction of the total energy required to generate and maintain an ultra-stable laser. In each configuration, the diamond-based chip is cooled by a cryogenic cooler containing liquid nitrogen.

Abstract: Chip technology for fabricating ultra-low-noise, high-stability optical devices for use in an optical atomic clock system. The proposed chip technology uses diamond material to form stabilized lasers, frequency references, and passive laser cavity structures. By utilizing the exceptional thermal conductivity of diamond and other optical and dielectric properties, a specific temperature range of operation is proposed that allows significant reduction of the total energy required to generate and maintain an ultra-stable laser. In each configuration, the diamond-based chip is cooled by a cryogenic cooler containing liquid nitrogen.

Abstract: A method includes receiving light at a light input of an electro-optic modulator device. The method includes directing the light via the light input into optical waveguides in an optical layer of an electro-optic modulator of the electro-optic modulator device. The method includes receiving a signal at an electric input of the electro-optic modulator device. The electric input is associated with an input impedance. The method includes providing the signal to an electrode structure of the electro-optic modulator. The electrode structure generates an electrical field based on the signal. The electric field modulates light in the optical waveguides to produce modulated light based on the signal. The electrode structure includes a constant impedance section associated with a second impedance less than the input impedance. The method also includes providing the modulated light based on the signal from the optical layer to one or more output optic fibers.

Abstract: Chip technology for fabricating ultra-low-noise, high-stability optical devices for use in an optical atomic clock system. The proposed chip technology uses diamond material to form stabilized lasers, frequency references, and passive laser cavity structures. By utilizing the exceptional thermal conductivity of diamond and other optical and dielectric properties, a specific temperature range of operation is proposed that allows significant reduction of the total energy required to generate and maintain an ultra-stable laser. In each configuration, the diamond-based chip is cooled by a cryogenic cooler containing liquid nitrogen.

Abstract: A receiver and a transmitter are disclosed that are applicable to space, air or ground RF communication systems and are applicable to systems where one or more signals of multiple types and characteristics are present in any given beam such as a communication spot beam on a high-throughput satellite. The transmitter can include an optical frequency comb configured to generate a multitude of equidistantly spaced optical wavelengths; an electro-optic modulator that receives the multitude of equidistantly spaced optical wavelengths and a data signal and produce a modulated optical beam; an optical circulator that receives the modulated optical beam; an optical switch that switches the modulated optical beam to an output port of the optical switch terminated in one or more Fiber-Bragg gratings; a wavelength division multiplexer that receives individual wavelengths of the modulated optical beam that are time-delayed from the optical circulator; and a plurality of antenna elements.

Abstract: An electro-optic modulator device includes a first optical waveguide region of a substrate and a second optical waveguide region of the substrate. The first optical waveguide region and the second optical waveguide region have crystalline structures. The electro-optic modulator device also includes a first electrode interface region of the substrate on a first side of the first optical waveguide region, a second electrode interface region of the substrate on a second side of the first optical waveguide region and on a first side of the second optical waveguide region, and a third electrode interface region on a second side of the second optical waveguide region. Each of the first electrode interface region, the second electrode interface region, and the third electrode interface region include material having a defective crystal structure or an amorphous structure.

Abstract: An electro-optic modulator device includes a first optical waveguide region of a substrate and a second optical waveguide region of the substrate. The first optical waveguide region and the second optical waveguide region have crystalline structures. The electro-optic modulator device also includes a first electrode interface region of the substrate on a first side of the first optical waveguide region, a second electrode interface region of the substrate on a second side of the first optical waveguide region and on a first side of the second optical waveguide region, and a third electrode interface region on a second side of the second optical waveguide region. Each of the first electrode interface region, the second electrode interface region, and the third electrode interface region include material having a defective crystal structure or an amorphous structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multilayer material deposited by ALD. A multi-layer structure of a high refractive index material is deposited on a substrate using ALD at a temperature below about 450° C. Advantageous results are obtained when a high refractive index material A is coated with another material B after a certain thickness of material A has been achieved. Thus, the B barrier layer stops the tendency for material A to crystallize. The amorphous structure gives rise to less optical loss. Further, the different stress nature of materials A and B may be utilized to achieve a final optical material with minimal stress. The thickness of each material B layer is less than that of the adjacent A layer(s). The total effective refractive index of the high refractive index material A+B being shall be greater than 2.20 at a wavelength of 600 nm. Titanium oxide and aluminium oxide are preferred A and B materials. The structure is useful for optical coatings.

Abstract: The present invention pertains generally to a high-index film deposited on a substrate, the film comprising a layer of a prescribed seed material and an overlaying layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2). The seed material has a prescribed, uniform inter-atomic spacing adapted to cause the overlaying TiO2 to have a high-index phase. The present invention also pertains generally to a method for forming a high-index film, comprising the steps of first forming a layer of a seed material having the prescribed, uniform inter-atomic spacing, and then forming a layer of TiO2 atop the seed material, such that the TiO2 has the high-index phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multilayer material deposited by ALD. A multi-layer structure of a high refractive index material is deposited on a substrate using ALD at a temperature below about 450° C. Advantageous results are obtained when a high refractive index material A is coated with another material B after a certain thickness of material A has been achieved. Thus, the B barrier layer stops the tendency for material A to crystallize. The amorphous structure gives rise to less optical loss. Further, the different stress nature of materials A and B may be utilized to achieve a final optical material with minimal stress. The thickness of each material B layer is less than that of the adjacent A layer(s). The total effective refractive index of the high refractive index material A+B being shall be greater than 2.20 at a wavelength of 600 nm. Titanium oxide and aluminium oxide are preferred A and B materials. The structure is useful for optical coatings.

Abstract: A birefringent device of substantially uniform thickness less than about 10 microns, and being suitable for operating in a wavelength range about a central wavelength is disclosed. The device includes a base substrate, a layer of periodic index regions of alternating refractive indices applied to a first surface of the base substrate, and a cap substrate located substantially adjacent to the layer distal to the base substrate. The layer of periodic index regions has a periodicity of less than the central wavelength. The device being suitable to produce an arbitrary phase retardation between 0 and 2? phase.

Abstract: Films for optical use, articles containing such films, methods for making such films, and systems that utilize such films, are disclosed.

Abstract: Films for optical use, articles containing such films, methods for making such films, and systems that utilize such films, are disclosed.

Abstract: An optical device for combining two orthogonally polarized beams or splitting a beam into two orthogonally polarized beams is provided that utilizes two collimating/focusing lenses and a thin film wire-grid polarizer. Because the thin film wire-grid polarizer can be fabricated in very thin profile, the provision of a thin film wire-grid polarizer allows the optical polarization beam combiner/splitter device to be highly integrated and simultaneously realize a number of performance advantages of a thin film wire-grid polarizer over other types of polarizers utilized in various prior art polarization beam combiner/splitters.

Abstract: Films for optical use, articles containing such films, methods for making such films, and systems that utilize such films, are disclosed

Abstract: Films for optical use, articles containing such films, methods for making such films, and systems that utilize such films, are disclosed

Abstract: Films for optical use, articles containing such films, methods for making such films, and systems that utilize such films, are disclosed

Abstract: An optical device for combining two orthogonally polarized beams or splitting a beam into two orthogonally polarized beams is provided that utilizes two collimating/focusing lenses and a thin film wire-grid polarizer. Because the thin film wire-grid polarizer can be fabricated in very thin profile, the provision of a thin film wire-grid polarizer allows the optical polarization beam combiner/splitter device to be highly integrated and simultaneously realize a number of performance advantages of a thin film wire-grid polarizer over other types of polarizers utilized in various prior art polarization beam combiner/splitters.

Abstract: A birefringent device of substantially uniform thickness less than about 10 microns, and being suitable for operating in a wavelength range about a central wavelength is disclosed. The device includes a base substrate, a layer of periodic index regions of alternating refractive indices applied to a first surface of the base substrate, and a cap substrate located substantially adjacent to the layer distal to the base substrate. The layer of periodic index regions has a periodicity of less than the central wavelength. The device being suitable to produce an arbitrary phase retardation between 0 and 2 phase.

Abstract: An optical device for combining two orthogonally polarized beams or splitting a beam into two orthogonally polarized beams is provided that utilizes two collimating/focusing lenses and a thin film wire-grid polarizer. Because the thin film wire-grid polarizer can be fabricated in very thin profile, the provision of a thin film wire-grid polarizer allows the optical polarization beam combiner/splitter device to be highly integrated and simultaneously realize a number of performance advantages of a thin film wire-grid polarizer over other types of polarizers utilized in various prior art polarization beam combiner/splitters.