Abstract: The invention is based on the finding that co-administration of 6-?-naltrexol alongside vitamin D together with a chemotherapeutic agent, results in a further reduction in lung cancer cell growth. The combination of 6-?-naltrexol with vitamin D results in a greater decrease in the growth of cancer cells compared to the sum of the effects of each agent when administered in isolation.

Abstract: It has been found by the present inventors that agents that boost the expression of the opioid receptor kappa 1 (OPRK1) can enhance the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents in multiple cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the effect is dose dependent, where the greater the induced expression of OPRK1, the greater the cytotoxicity of the chemotherapeutic agent. The increase in overall cytotoxicity is independent of the cytotoxicity of the agent that increases the expression of OPRK1, which itself has no or minimal cytotoxic effect.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a combination of two different cannabinoids in the treatment of leukaemia. The combination of CBD with THC appears to be particularly effective in reducing cell number in this disease. Preferably the cannabinoids are used in the form of an extract of cannabis such that many of the naturally occurring compounds are co-extracted with the THC or CBD. Alternatively, the cannabinoids are present in the form of a highly purified extract of cannabis, wherein the CBD or THC are present at greater than 98% of the total extract (w/w) and the other components of the extract are characterised. Alternatively, the CBD and THC may be synthetically produced. A specific ratio of CBD and THC such as 10:1 to 1:10 (CBD:THC) or more preferably between 2:1 to 1:2 (CBD:THC) may be used.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for treatment of HIV related diseases comprising targeting complexes between on the one hand the C5 domain of gp120 and on the other hand gp41 or the C2 domain of gp120. The complexes may be stabilised by administering compounds, such as antibodies, capable of directly interacting with and stabilising the complex, or by immunizing with C5 and gp41/C2 derived material so as to induce antibodies that bind to and stabilise the complex.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of phytocannabinoids for increasing radiosensitivity in the treatment of cancer. Preferably the phytocannabinoids used are either tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD). Preferably the type of cancer to be treated is glioma.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel therapeutic applications of low dose naltrexone (LDN). Said applications have been determined in light of the discovery by the present inventors that naltrexone acts as an antagonist of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), an innate immune receptor which elicits the production of inflammatory cytokines when agonised. Chronic inflammation and TLR9 overexpression are characteristics of a number of disorders, including certain cancers. Accordingly, the present invention provides novel uses of naltrexone in the treatment of a subject having a disorder characterised by TLR9 overexpression and/or overactivity of TLR9-mediated signalling. The present invention also provides novel uses of naltrexone in the supportive care of subject having a tumour/cancer, and methods of treating and providing supportive care to a subject, comprising the administration of naltrexone.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel therapeutic applications of low dose naltrexone (LDN). Said applications have been determined in light of the discovery by the present inventors that naltrexone acts as an antagonist of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), an innate immune receptor which elicits the production of inflammatory cytokines when agonized. Chronic inflammation and TLR9 overexpression are characteristics of a number of disorders, including certain cancers. Accordingly, the present invention provides novel uses of naltrexone in the treatment of a subject having a disorder characterized by TLR9 overexpression and/or overactivity of TLR9-mediated signalling. The present invention also provides novel uses of naltrexone in the supportive care of subject having a tumor/cancer, and methods of treating and providing supportive care to a subject, comprising the administration of naltrexone.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising naltrexone or an analogue thereof for use in the treatment of a subject having a tumour/cancer; wherein the naltrexone or the analogue thereof is to be administered to the subject in a first treatment phase, followed by a recovery phase; wherein, following the recovery phase, a small molecule signalling inhibitor selected from the group consisting of PI3-kinase inhibitors, AKT inhibitors, taxanes, antimetabolites, alkylating agents and cell cycle inhibitors is to be administered to the subject in a second treatment phase; the recovery phase being characterised by the absence of administration of the naltrexone or the analogue thereof and the small molecule signalling inhibitor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for treatment of HIV related diseases comprising targeting complexes between on the one hand the C5 domain of gp120 and on the other hand gp41 or the C2 domain of gp120. The complexes may be stabilised by administering compounds, such as antibodies, capable of directly interacting with and stabilising the complex, or by immunizing with C5 and gp41/C2 derived material so as to induce antibodies that bind to and stabilise the complex.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of phytocannabinoids for increasing radiosensitivity in the treatment of cancer. Preferably the phytocannabinoids used are either tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD). Preferably the type of cancer to be treated is glioma.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel therapeutic applications of low dose naltrexone (LDN). Said applications have been determined in light of the discovery by the present inventors that naltrexone acts as an antagonist of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), an innate immune receptor which elicits the production of inflammatory cytokines when agonized. Chronic inflammation and TLR9 overexpression are characteristics of a number of disorders, including certain cancers. Accordingly, the present invention provides novel uses of naltrexone in the treatment of a subject having a disorder characterised by TLR9 overexpression and/or overactivity of TLR9-mediated signalling. The present invention also provides novel uses of naltrexone in the supportive care of subject having a tumour/cancer, and methods of treating and providing supportive care to a subject, comprising the administration of naltrexone.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for treating cancers by administering immunomodulatory compounds in combination with artemisinin or a derivative thereof. In particular, methods for treating cancers by administering lenalidomide in combination with artemisinin or a derivative thereof are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for treatment of HIV related diseases comprising targeting complexes between on the one hand the C5 domain of gp120 and on the other hand gp41 or the C2 domain of gp120. The complexes may be stabilised by administering compounds, such as antibodies, capable of directly interacting with and stabilising the complex, or by immunizing with C5 and gp41/C2 derived material so as to induce antibodies that bind to and stabilise the complex.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for treating cancers by administering immunomodulatory compounds in combination with artemisinin or a derivative thereof. In particular, methods for treating cancers by administering lenalidomide in combination with artemisinin or a derivative thereof are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for treatment of HIV related diseases comprising targeting complexes between on the one hand the C5 domain of gp120 and on the other hand gp41 or the C2 domain of gp120. The complexes may be stabilised by administering compounds, such as antibodies, capable of directly interacting with and stabilising the complex, or by immunizing with C5 and gp41/C2 derived material so as to induce antibodies that bind to and stabilise the complex.

Abstract: Methods of enhancing immune response to an immunogen in a subject are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of reducing the sensitivity to an allergen in a subject. The methods comprise the administration of an immunomodulatory compound in specific dosing regimens that result in enhanced immune response or reduced sensitivity.

Abstract: The invention here relates to a product comprised of a cell line or lines intended for use as an allogeneic immunotherapy agent for the treatment of cancer in mammals and humans. All of the studies of cell-based cancer vaccines to date have one feature in common, namely the intention to use cells that contain at least some TSAs and/or TAAs that are shared with the antigens present in patients' tumour. In each case, tumour cells are utilised as the starting point on the premise that only rumour cells will contain TSAs or TAAs of relevance, and the tissue origins of the cells are matched to the tumour site in patients. A primary aspect of the invention is the use of immortalised normal, non-malignant cells as the basis of an allogeneic cell cancer vaccine. Normal cells do not possess TSAs or relevant concentrations of TAAs and hence it is surprising that normal cells are effective as anti-cancer vaccines.

Abstract: Combinations of cell lines are provided for allogeneic immunotherapy agents in the treatment of cancer. Cancer vaccines generally have been limited to the use of cells that contain at least some tumour specific antigens (“TSAs”) and/or tumour associated antigens (“TAAs”) having shared identity with antigens in a targeted tumour. In such cases, tumour cells often are utilised as a starting point on the premise that only tumour cells will contain TSAs or TAAs or relevance, and the tissue origins of the cells are matched to the tumour site in patients. A primary aspect of the invention is the use of immortalised normal, non-malignant cells, in combination with primary and/or metastatic tumour cells, as the basis of an allogeneic cell cancer vaccine. Normal cells do not posses TSAs or relevant concentrations of TAAs and hence it is surprising that normal cells are effective as anti-cancer vaccines when administered in combination with primary and/or metastatic tumour cells.

Abstract: Combinations of cell lines are provided for allogeneic immunotherapy agents in the treatment of cancer. Cancer vaccines generally have been limited to the use of cells that contain at least some tumour specific antigens (“TSAs”) and/or tumour associated antigens (“TAAs”) having shared identity with antigens in a targeted tumour. In such cases, tumour cells often are utilised as a starting point on the premise that only tumour cells will contain TSAs or TAAs or relevance, and the tissue origins of the cells are matched to the tumour site in patients. A primary aspect of the invention is the use of immortalised normal, non-malignant cells as the basis of an allogeneic cell cancer vaccine. Normal cells do not posses TSAs or relevant concentrations of TAAs and hence it is surprising that, normal cells are effective as anti-cancer vaccines. More surprisingly, a three way combination of cells obtained from metastasised cells, non metastasised tumour and cells from a normal cell line provided good therapy.