Abstract: Methods for wet etching a UBM layer and the resulting devices are disclosed. Embodiments may include patterning metal bumps on a wafer that has at least two metal layers thereon; exposing the wafer to a first acid solution to remove a portion of a first of the two metal layers exposed by the patterning of the metal bumps; and exposing the wafer to a second acid solution to remove a portion a second of the two metal layers exposed by the patterning of the metal bumps and the exposure of the wafer to the first acid solution, wherein an undercut below the metal bumps, formed by removal of the portions of the first and second metal layers, is less than 1.5 microns.

Abstract: Methods for wet etching a UBM layer and the resulting devices are disclosed. Embodiments may include patterning metal bumps on a wafer that has at least two metal layers thereon; exposing the wafer to a first acid solution to remove a portion of a first of the two metal layers exposed by the patterning of the metal bumps; and exposing the wafer to a second acid solution to remove a portion a second of the two metal layers exposed by the patterning of the metal bumps and the exposure of the wafer to the first acid solution, wherein an undercut below the metal bumps, formed by removal of the portions of the first and second metal layers, is less than 1.5 microns.

Abstract: Methods for wet etching a UBM layer and the resulting devices are disclosed. Embodiments may include patterning metal bumps on a wafer that has at least two metal layers thereon; exposing the wafer to a first acid solution to remove a portion of a first of the two metal layers exposed by the patterning of the metal bumps; and exposing the wafer to a second acid solution to remove a portion a second of the two metal layers exposed by the patterning of the metal bumps and the exposure of the wafer to the first acid solution, wherein an undercut below the metal bumps, formed by removal of the portions of the first and second metal layers, is less than 1.5 microns.

Abstract: A process for increasing the efficiency of hydrocarbon recovery from an underground formation containing viscous hydrocarbons through the use of both gravity drainage and mobile water drive. The process comprises a pair of vertically-spaced horizontal wells and a laterally offset horizontal well. A heated fluid is injected into the formation via a first well pair, and an adjacent horizontal well creates a pressure sink to draw the heated fluid laterally to assist growth of the formation drainage area for hydrocarbon recovery improvement. Injected fluids recovered from both producers are collected for recycling.

Abstract: Techniques to improve characteristics of processed semiconductor substrates are described, including cleaning a substrate using a preclean process, the substrate comprising a dielectric region and a conductive region, introducing a hydroquinone to the substrate after cleaning the substrate using the preclean operation, and forming a capping layer over the conductive region of the substrate after introducing the hydroquinone.

Abstract: Techniques to improve characteristics of processed semiconductor substrates are described, including cleaning a substrate using a preclean process, the substrate comprising a dielectric region and a conductive region, introducing a hydroquinone to the substrate after cleaning the substrate using the preclean operation, and forming a capping layer over the conductive region of the substrate after introducing the hydroquinone.

Abstract: Techniques to improve characteristics of processed semiconductor substrates are described, including cleaning a substrate using a preclean process, the substrate comprising a dielectric region and a conductive region, introducing a hydroquinone to the substrate after cleaning the substrate using the preclean operation, and forming a capping layer over the conductive region of the substrate after introducing the hydroquinone.

Abstract: A process for increasing the efficiency of hydrocarbon recovery from an underground formation containing viscous hydrocarbons through the use of both gravity drainage and mobile water drive. The process comprises a pair of vertically-spaced horizontal wells and a laterally offset horizontal well. A heated fluid is injected into the formation via a first well pair, and an adjacent horizontal well creates a pressure sink to draw the heated fluid laterally to assist growth of the formation drainage area for hydrocarbon recovery improvement. Injected fluids recovered from both producers are collected for recycling.

Abstract: Techniques to improve characteristics of processed semiconductor substrates are described, including cleaning a substrate using a preclean process, the substrate comprising a dielectric region and a conductive region, introducing a hydroquinone to the substrate after cleaning the substrate using the preclean operation, and forming a capping layer over the conductive region of the substrate after introducing the hydroquinone.