Abstract: A non-transitory computer-readable medium, method and system for providing results associated with a ranking of a plurality of items of a particular item type can be provided. For example, for each respective item of a plurality of items having an associated cost, it is possible to (i) determining an item utility value for the respective item of the items based on aggregate data associated with a plurality of users without requiring utilization of information particular to each of the users, and (ii) determine a surplus value for the respective item as the item utility value less a cost utility value associated with the cost of the respective item. Further, it is possible to provide the results, based on the respective surplus values, to a particular user of the users.