Abstract: Big data, which is too massive to analyze instantly, could cause various problems, including threats to the security by terrorism and intellectual crimes hiding behind its huge volume and complexity. Using topological information as key unit to encode information, every single piece of information is converted into a topology or geometric shape and encoded in a clock without requiring software programming by a human. Each of the converted piece of information itself indicates an event, a decision, etc. that has its own significance/meaning. Geometric shapes integrate within their single decision time and again to find the intricate pattern of any event, including the above-mentioned threats.

Abstract: Artificial intelligence research is failing to produce true intelligence in spite of enormous resources. The reason is that programming is unavoidable for data processing and so there is no way to replace an user. In addition, because of data deluge problem, it is impossible to analyze all data as conventional information. Hardware inspired by prime metric is provided, where a metric of artificial intelligence is built in which unknown random events are linked as a changing geometric shape. All information is converted such that layered geometric shapes clocking in a pattern or event becomes unit of information, not insignificant bits. All complex events are considered as a single point to go ahead on building higher level geometric shapes as part of a time crystal following prime metric.

Abstract: A spiral capacitor-inductor device in which an array of unit capacitors 101 is arranged in a loop along the length is provided as the fourth circuit element. An input signal is applied to one end of the array of the unit capacitors, an output signal is taken out from the other end, an electric charge stored in each unit capacitor increases or decreases in accordance with increase or decrease in the bias applied to the device, the increase or decrease in the electric charge causes the current of the loop to increase or decrease, and, as a result, the magnetic flux 103 generated in the device varies. Accordingly, the fourth circuit element is provided that follows after an inductor, a capacitor, and a resistor is provided in which the electric charge stored determines the magnitude of its magnetic flux.

Abstract: A spiral capacitor-inductor device in which an array of unit capacitors 101 is arranged in a loop along the length is provided as the fourth circuit element. An input signal is applied to one end of the array of the unit capacitors, an output signal is taken out from the other end, an electric charge stored in each unit capacitor increases or decreases in accordance with increase or decrease in the bias applied to the device, the increase or decrease in the electric charge causes the current of the loop to increase or decrease, and, as a result, the magnetic flux 103 generated in the device varies. Accordingly, the fourth circuit element is provided that follows after an inductor, a capacitor, and a resistor is provided in which the electric charge stored determines the magnitude of its magnetic flux.

Abstract: A thermo-optic device may be formed with trenches that undercut the substrate beneath the thermo-optic device. Through the removal of the underlying substrate, the heat dissipation of the thermo-optic device may be reduced. This may reduce the thermal budget of the device, reducing the power requirements for operating the device in some embodiments.

Abstract: A thermo-optic device may be formed with trenches that undercut the substrate beneath the thermo-optic device. Through the removal of the underlying substrate, the heat dissipation of the thermo-optic device may be reduced. This may reduce the thermal budget of the device, reducing the power requirements for operating the device in some embodiments.

Abstract: Optical coupler apparatus having reduced geometry sensitivity includes spaced apart first and second main waveguides having a coupling section. In one embodiment, first and second side waveguide sections are arranged in the coupling section adjacent outer sides of the first and second main waveguides to allow evanescent coupling between the main waveguides and side waveguide sections. Methods of fabrication and operation are also described.

Abstract: An optical network may include a detector for detecting the power of each of a plurality of channels of a wavelength division multiplexed optical signal in one embodiment of the present invention. Each channel may be conveyed to an interface underneath a detector by way of a core formed in the substrate. The interface may include a trench with one side surface angled to form a reflector to reflect light upwardly to be detected by the detector. The trench may be filled with a convex microlens.

Abstract: A temperature gradient may be provided across an array of waveguides in an arrayed waveguide grating. As a result, temperature tuning may be provided to adjust the characteristics of the arrayed waveguide grating. For example, the array of waveguides positioned on one side of a planar light wave circuit may be heated by a similarly configured array of heaters on the opposite side of the circuit. In some cases the number of heaters may be less than the number of arrayed waveguides. Also, each of the heaters in one embodiment may be selectively actuatable.

Abstract: A thermo-optic device may be formed with trenches that undercut the substrate beneath the thermo-optic device. Through the removal of the underlying substrate, the heat dissipation of the thermo-optic device may be reduced. This may reduce the thermal budget of the device, reducing the power requirements for operating the device in some embodiments.

Abstract: An optical network may include a detector for detecting the power of each of a plurality of channels of a wavelength division multiplexed optical signal in one embodiment of the present invention. Each channel may be conveyed to an interface underneath a detector by way of a core formed in the substrate. The interface may include a trench with one side surface angled to form a reflector to reflect light upwardly to be detected by the detector. The trench may be filled with a convex microlens.

Abstract: A planar light wave circuit may include a directional coupler with two waveguides come close to one another in a so-called gap region. Polarization dependent coupling may be reduced by forming trenches on either side of the gap region to reduce birefringence.

Abstract: Optical coupler apparatus having reduced geometry sensitivity includes spaced apart first and second main waveguides having a coupling section. In one embodiment, first and second side waveguide sections are arranged in the coupling section adjacent outer sides of the first and second main waveguides to allow evanescent coupling between the main waveguides and side waveguide sections. Methods of fabrication and operation are also described.