Abstract: State of art techniques hardly provide data balancing for multi-label multi-class data. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and system for identifying cardiac abnormality in multi-lead ECGs using a Hybrid Neural Network (HNN) with fulcrum based data re-balancing for data comprising multiclass-multilabel cardiac abnormalities. The fulcrum based dataset re-balancing disclosed enables maintaining natural balance of the data, control the re-sample volume, and still support the lowly represented classes there by aiding proper training of the DL architecture. The HNN disclosed by the method utilizes a hybrid approach of pure CNN, a tuned-down version of ResNet, and a set of handcrafted features from a raw ECG signal that are concatenated prior to predicting the multiclass output for the ECG signal. The number of features is flexible and enables adding additional domain-specific features as needed.

Abstract: Sepsis is one of the most prevalent causes of mortality in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and delayed treatment is associated with increase in death and financial burden. There is no single laboratory test or clinical sign that by itself can be considered diagnostic of sepsis. The present disclosure provides discriminating domain specific continuous and categorical features that can reliably classify a subject being monitored into a sepsis class or a normal class. A combination of physiological parameters, laboratory parameters and demographic details are used to extract the discriminating features. Even though the parameters may be sporadic in nature, the systems and methods of the present disclosure make use of a sliding time window to generate continuous features that capture the trend in the sporadic data; and a binning approach to generate categorical features to discriminate deviation from the normal class and facilitate timely treatment.

Abstract: Monitoring the quality of sleep of an individual is essential for ensuring one's overall well-being. The existing methods for non-apnea sleep arousal detection are manual. A system and method for the non-apnea sleep arousal detection has been provided. The method uses a feature engineering based binary classification approach for distinguishing non-apnea arousal and non-arousal. A training data set is prepared using a plurality of physiological signals. A plurality of features are derived from the training data set. Out of those only a set of features are selected for training a plurality of random forest classifier models. A test sample is then provided to the plurality of random forest classifier models in the instances of fixed duration. This results in generation of prediction probabilities for each instances. The prediction probabilities are then used to predict the probabilities of non-apnea sleep arousal in the test sample.

Abstract: A system and method for classifying the phonocardiogram (PCG) signal quality has been described. The system is configured to identify the quality of the PCG signal recording and accepting only diagnosable quality recordings for further cardiac analysis. The system includes the derivation of plurality features of the PCG signal from the training dataset. The extracted features are preprocessed and are then ranked using mRMR algorithm. Based on the ranking the irrelevant and redundant features are rejected if their mRMR strength is less. A training model is generated using the relevant set of features. The PCG signal of the person under test is captured using a digital stethoscope and a smartphone. The PCG signal is preprocessed and only the relevant set of features are extracted. And finally the PCG signal is classified into diagnosable or non-diagnosable using the relevant set of features and a random forest classifier.

Abstract: A method for measuring blood pressure of a subject is described herein. In an implementation, the method includes obtaining a plurality of photoplethysmogram (PPG) features associated with the subject. The method further includes ascertaining one or more latent parameters associated with the subject based on the plurality of PPG features and a reference model, wherein the reference model indicates a correlation between the plurality of PPG features and the one or more latent parameters. Further, blood pressure of the subject is determined based on the one or more latent parameters and the plurality of PPG features.

Abstract: A method and system for clustering users using cognitive stress report for classifying stress levels is provided. Detection and monitoring of cognitive stress experienced by users while performing a task is very crucial. The method includes receiving, user evaluated cognitive stress reports and the physiological signals of the user during the performance of the task. A normalized cognitive report is generated from the user evaluated cognitive stress report by computing mode and range value. The normalized cognitive stress reports of the users are used to cluster the users into a primary cluster and a secondary cluster. Feature sets are extracted from the physiological signals of the said users associated with the primary cluster. Using the said feature sets a classifier model is trained to classify the cognitive stress levels of the users as stressful class or stressless class.

Abstract: A system and method for estimating blood pressure (BP) using photoplethysmogram (PPG) has been explained. The PPG is captured from a PPG sensor (102). For preparing training model, a pulse oximeter is used for capturing PPG. For testing, a smartphone camera is used for capturing the PPG signal. A plurality of features are extracted from the preprocessed PPG signal. A BP distribution is then generated using the plurality of features and the training model. The BP distribution is part of a set of BP distributions generated from different subjects. Finally, a post-processing methodology have been used to reject inconsistent data out of the set of BP distributions and BP value is estimated only for the remaining BP distributions and a statistical average is provided as the blood pressure estimate.

Abstract: Sepsis is one of the most prevalent causes of mortality in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and delayed treatment is associated with increase in death and financial burden. There is no single laboratory test or clinical sign that by itself can be considered diagnostic of sepsis. The present disclosure provides discriminating domain specific continuous and categorical features that can reliably classify a subject being monitored into a sepsis class or a normal class. A combination of physiological parameters, laboratory parameters and demographic details are used to extract the discriminating features. Even though the parameters may be sporadic in nature, the systems and methods of the present disclosure make use of a sliding time window to generate continuous features that capture the trend in the sporadic data; and a binning approach to generate categorical features to discriminate deviation from the normal class and facilitate timely treatment.

Abstract: A method and system for detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) in a person using a fusion approach has been described. The invention the detection of CAD in the person by capturing of a plurality of physiological signals such as phonocardiogram (PCG), photoplethysmograph (PPG), ECG, galvanic skin response (GSR) etc. from the person. A plurality of features are extracted from the physiological signals. The person is then classified as CAD or normal using the each of the features independently. The classification is done based on supervised machine learning technique. The output of the classification is then fused and used for the detection of the CAD in the person using a predefined criteria.

Abstract: Traditionally arousal classification has been broadly done in multiple classes but have been insufficient to provide information about how arousal level of user changes over time. Present disclosure propose a continuous and unsupervised approach of monitoring the arousal trend of individual from his/her heart rate by obtaining instantaneous HR for time windows from a resampled time series of RR intervals obtained from ECG signal. A measured average heart rate (a measured HR) is computed from instantaneous HR specific to user for each time window thereby estimating apriori state based on a last instance of an aposteriori state initialized and observation of a state space model of Kalman Filter is determined for computing error and normalizing thereof which gets compared with a threshold for continuous monitoring of arousal trend of the user. The aposterior state is further updated using Kalman gain computed based on measurement noise determined for state space model.

Abstract: A method and system for blood pressure (BP) estimation of a person is provided. The system is estimating pulse transit time (PTT) using the ECG signal and PPG signal of the person. A plurality of features are extracted from the PPG. The plurality of PPG features and the PTT are provided as inputs to an automated feature selection algorithm. This algorithm selects a set of features suitable for BP estimation. The selected features are fed to a classifier to classify the database into low/normal BP range and a high BP range. The correctly classified normal BP data are then used to create a regression model to predict BP from the selected features. The current methodology uses automated feature selection mechanism and also employs a block to reject extreme BP data. Thus the available accuracy in predicting BP is expected to be more than the existing BP estimation methods.

Abstract: Identification of pulmonary diseases involves accurate auscultation as well as elaborate and expensive pulmonary function tests. Also, there is a dependency on a reference signal from a flowmeter or need for labelled respiratory phases. The present disclosure provides extraction of frequency and time-frequency domain lung sound features such as spectral and spectrogram features respectively that enable classification of healthy and abnormal lung sounds without the dependencies of prior art. Furthermore extraction of wavelet and cepstral features improves accuracy of classification. The lung sound signals are pre-processed prior to feature extraction to eliminate heart sounds and reduce computational requirements while ensuring that information providing adequate discrimination between healthy and abnormal lung sounds is not lost.

Abstract: Current technologies analyze electrocardiogram (ECG) signals for a long duration, which is not always a practical scenario. Moreover the current scenarios perform a binary classification between normal and Atrial Fibrillation (AF) only, whereas there are many abnormal rhythms apart from AF. Conventional systems/methods have their own limitations and may tend to misclassify ECG signals, thereby resulting in an unbalanced multi-label classification problem.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to stress classification and quantification, and more particularly to system and method for classification and quantitative estimation of cognitive stress from analysis of keystrokes and signals derived from physiological sensors. In one embodiment, a method includes obtaining, while a user is engaged in performance of a task, physiological signals from physiological sensors accessible to the user. Feature sets are identified from the physiological signals which correlate with cognitive stress experienced by the user. Using a regression model, a stress indicator metric comprising a quantitative estimate of the cognitive stress is predicted. The regression model is trained using the feature sets and independently determined quantitative estimates of cognitive stress used as a ground truth to output the value of the stress indicator metric.

Abstract: An application development system for development of Internet of Things (IoT) application includes a cataloging module to obtain an input from an application developer. The input comprises data related to the IoT application to be developed. The cataloging module further retrieves a plurality of reusable artefacts from a knowledge database based on the input. A recommendation module in the application development system recommends, to the application developer, artefacts from amongst the plurality of reusable artefacts, based at least on one of a feedback associated with each of the plurality of reusable artefacts, an expert analysis, and a combination of the expert analysis and the feedback. An association module in the application development system associates artefacts selected by the application developer with each other for development of the IoT application.

Abstract: Monitoring the quality of sleep of an individual is essential for ensuring one's overall well-being. The existing methods for non-apnea sleep arousal detection are manual. A system and method for the non-apnea sleep arousal detection has been provided. The method uses a feature engineering based binary classification approach for distinguishing non-apnea arousal and non-arousal. A training data set is prepared using a plurality of physiological signals. A plurality of features are derived from the training data set. Out of those only a set of features are selected for training a plurality of random forest classifier models. A test sample is then provided to the plurality of random forest classifier models in the instances of fixed duration. This results in generation of prediction probabilities for each instances. The prediction probabilities are then used to predict the probabilities of non-apnea sleep arousal in the test sample.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to PPG signal quality assessment, and more particularly to, a system and method for sensor agnostic PPG signal quality assessment using morphological analysis. In one embodiment, a method for PPG signal quality assessment includes obtaining a PPG signal captured using a testing device in real-time, and segmenting into a first plurality of PPG signal samples such that length of each of the first plurality of PPG signal samples more than a threshold length. A signal sufficiency check (SSC) is performed for each first PPG signal sample to obtain at least a first set of PPG signal samples complying with the SSC. A set of features is extracted from the first set of PPG signal samples, based on which each PPG signal sample is identified as one of a noisy and clean signal sample using a plurality of Random Forest (RF) models created during the training phase.

Abstract: A method and system for clustering users using cognitive stress report for classifying stress levels is provided. Detection and monitoring of cognitive stress experienced by users while performing a task is very crucial. The method includes receiving, user evaluated cognitive stress reports and the physiological signals of the user during the performance of the task. A normalized cognitive report is generated from the user evaluated cognitive stress report by computing mode and range value. The normalized cognitive stress reports of the users are used to cluster the users into a primary cluster and a secondary cluster. Feature sets are extracted from the physiological signals of the said users associated with the primary cluster. Using the said feature sets a classifier model is trained to classify the cognitive stress levels of the users as stressful class or stressless class.

Abstract: Traditionally arousal classification has been broadly done in multiple classes but have been insufficient to provide information about how arousal level of user changes over time. Present disclosure propose a continuous and unsupervised approach of monitoring the arousal trend of individual from his/her heart rate by obtaining instantaneous HR for time windows from a resampled time series of RR intervals obtained from ECG signal. A measured average heart rate (a measured HR) is computed from instantaneous HR specific to user for each time window thereby estimating apriori state based on a last instance of an aposteriori state initialized and observation of a state space model of Kalman Filter is determined for computing error and normalizing thereof which gets compared with a threshold for continuous monitoring of arousal trend of the user. The aposterior state is further updated using Kalman gain computed based on measurement noise determined for state space model.

Abstract: System and method for determining a heart rate and a heart rate variability of an individual is disclosed. An audio signal of heart sound is amplified. Subsequently, an envelope of the amplified audio signal is detected by squaring of the amplified audio signal to obtain emphasized high amplitude components and diminished low amplitude components of the audio signal, applying a band pass filter on the audio signal upon squaring and applying a Teager-Kaiser Energy Operator (TKEO) on the filtered audio signal. Peaks in the envelope of the audio signal are detected by calculating difference in magnitude of a point in the audio signal with an average of magnitude of earlier points in the audio signal from the last detected peak or the initial sample value in the processing window when no peak is detected. Based on the peaks detected, heart rate and heart rate variability for the individual are determined.