Abstract: A method and apparatus of a network element that installs a device driver used to manage hardware of the network element is described. In an exemplary embodiment, the network element detects, with a functionality of a network element operating system, the hardware of a data plane of the network element, where at least one component of the network element operating system is executing in a first container as a first set of processes. The network element further determines a device driver for the hardware and installs the device driver in a kernel of the host operating system. The network element additionally manages the data, with the network element operating system, using the device driver.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of a device that simulates a plurality of network elements is described. In an exemplary embodiment, the device receives network topology information for the plurality of simulated network elements. The device further instantiates a container for each of the plurality of simulated network elements. The device additionally configures a set of processes for each of the plurality of containers, where each of the set of processes simulates at least one of the plurality of simulated network elements. The plurality of set of processes further implements a network topology represented by the network topology information. The device performs a test of the network topology and saves the results of the test.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a test kit for detecting a concentration of a cardiovascular disease-related biomarker including a group selected from the group consisting of a first aptamer, a second aptamer and a third aptamer. The first aptamer has binding specificity to an N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). The second aptamer has binding specificity to a cardiac Troponin I (cTnI). The third aptamer has binding specificity to a fibrinogen.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a test kit for detecting a concentration of a cardiovascular disease-related biomarker including a group selected from the group consisting of a first aptamer, a second aptamer and a third aptamer. The first aptamer has binding specificity to an N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). The second aptamer has binding specificity to a cardiac Troponin I (cTnI). The third aptamer has binding specificity to a fibrinogen.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of a network element that hitlessly upgrades a network element operating system of a network element is described. In an exemplary embodiment, the network element hitlessly upgrades the network element operating system by instantiating a second container and starts a second set of processes using a second image of the network element operating system in the second container. In addition, the network element executes a first image of the network element operating system as a first set of processes in a first container. The network element additionally synchronizes state data between the first set of processes and the second set of processes. Furthermore, the network element sets the second set of processes as managing a plurality of hardware tables, and stops the first set of processes within the first container.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of a device that simulates a plurality of network elements is described. In an exemplary embodiment, the device receives network topology information for the plurality of simulated network elements. The device further instantiates a container for each of the plurality of simulated network elements. The device additionally configures a set of processes for each of the plurality of containers, where each of the set of processes simulates at least one of the plurality of simulated network elements. The plurality of set of processes further implements a network topology represented by the network topology information. The device performs a test of the network topology and saves the results of the test.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of a network element that installs a device driver used to manage hardware of the network element is described. In an exemplary embodiment, the network element detects, with a functionality of a network element operating system, the hardware of a data plane of the network element, where at least one component of the network element operating system is executing in a first container as a first set of processes. The network element further determines a device driver for the hardware and installs the device driver in a kernel of the host operating system. The network element additionally manages the data, with the network element operating system, using the device driver.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of a network element that processes control plane data in a network element is described. In an exemplary embodiment, the device receives control plane data with a network element operating system, where at least a functionality of the network element operating system is executing in a container of the network element. In addition, the network element includes a data plane with a plurality of hardware tables and the host operating system. Furthermore, the network element processes the control plane data with the network element operating system. The network element additionally updates at least one of the plurality of hardware tables with the process control plane data using the network element operating system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of a network element that hitlessly upgrades a network element operating system of a network element is described. In an exemplary embodiment, the network element receives a second image for the network element operating system, where a first image of the network element operating system is executing as a first set of processes in a first container and the first set of processes manages the plurality of hardware tables for the network element. The network element further instantiates a second container for the second image. In addition, the network element starts a second set of processes using at least the second image in the second container. The network element additionally synchronizes state data between the first set of processes and the second set of processes. Furthermore, the network element sets the second set of processes as managing the plurality of hardware tables, and stops the first set of processes within the first container.

Abstract: A method or network system able to efficiently redistribute information, data, and/or context between virtual machines (“VMs”) using an in-memory file system (“IMFS”) is disclosed. After requesting memory access by an application program, a process of VM using IMFS is able to forward the memory allocation request from a VM kernel operating under a VM environment to an emulator. The emulator, which operates between the VM kernel and the hypervisor, again redirects the memory allocation request to the hypervisor for storage allocation. The hypervisor subsequently allocates at least a portion of storage space in the IMFS in accordance with the memory allocation request.